Manual of Legal Citation/Tables

	; Manual of Legal Citation; Table of Contents
	Foreword and Introduction
	Foreword
	Introduction
	Background Rules
	Rule 1. Two Types of Legal Documents
	Rule 2. Typeface Standards
	Rule 3. In-Text Citations
	Rule 4. Signals
	Rule 5. Capitalization Rules
	Rule 6. Signals for Supporting Authority
	Rule 7. Signals for Comparison
	Rule 8. Signals for Contradictory Authority
	Rule 9. Signals for Background Material
	Rule 10. Order of Authorities Within Each Signal / Strength of Authority
	Cases
	Rule 11. Full citation
	Rule 12. Court & Year
	Rule 13. Weight of Authority and Explanatory Parenthetical
	Rule 14. History of the Case
	Rule 15. Short Form Citation for Cases
	Statutes, Rules, Regulations, and Other Legislative & Administrative Materials
	Rule 16. Federal Statutes
	Rule 17. State Statutes
	Rule 18. Rules of Procedure and Evidence, Restatements, and Uniform Acts
	Rule 19. Administrative Rules and Regulations
	Rule 20. Federal Taxation Materials
	Rule 21. Legislative Materials
	Rule 22. Short Form Citation of Legislative and Administrative Materials
	Rule 23. Sources and Authorities: Constitutions
	Court & Litigation Documents
	Rule 24. Citing Court or Litigation Documents from Your Case
	Rule 25. Citing Court or Litigation Documents from Another Case
	Rule 26. Short Form Citation for Court Documents
	Rule 27. Capitalization Within the Text of Court Documents and Legal Memoranda
	Books & Non-Periodicals
	Rule 28. Full Citation for Books & Non-Periodicals
	Rule 29. Short Form Citation for Books & Non-Periodicals
	Journals, Magazines, & Newspaper Articles
	Rule 30. Full Citation for Journals, Magazines & Newspaper Articles
	Rule 31. Short Form Citation for Journals, Magazines & Newspaper Articles
	Internet Sources
	Rule 32. General Principles for Internet Sources
	Rule 33. Basic Formula for Internet Sources
	Rule 34. Short Form Citations for Internet Sources
	Explanatory Parentheticals
	Rule 35. General Principles for Explanatory Parentheticals
	Rule 36. Order of parentheticals
	Quotations
	Rule 37. General Principles for Quotations
	Rule 38. Alterations of Quotations
	Rule 39. Omissions in Quotations
	Rule 40. Special Rules for Block Quotations
	Tables
	Table 1. Federal Judicial and Legislative Materials
	Table 2. Federal Administrative and Legislative Materials
	Table 3. U.S. States and Other Jurisdictions
	Table 4. Required Abbreviations for Services
	Table 5. Required Abbreviations for Legislative Documents
	Table 6. Required Abbreviations for Treaty Sources
	Table 7. Required Abbreviations for Arbitral Reporters
	Table 8. Required Abbreviations for Intergovernmental Organizations
	Table 9. Required Abbreviations for Court Names
	Table 10. Required Abbreviations for Titles of Judges and Officials
	Table 11. Required Abbreviations for Case Names In Citations
	Table 12. Required Abbreviations for Geographical Terms
	Table 13. Required Abbreviations for Document Subdivisions
	Table 14. Required Abbreviations for Explanatory Phrases
	Table 15. Required Abbreviations for Institutions
	Table 16. Required Abbreviations for Publishing Terms
	Table 17. Required Abbreviations for Month Names
	Table 18. Required Abbreviations for Common Words Used In Periodical Names
	Table 19. Table of Citation Guides
	Table 20. Tables of Correspondence
	Acknowledgments
	Acknowledgments

T1. Federal Judicial and Legislative Materials

Materials	Date	Citation
Supreme Court (U.S.): Cite to U.S., if possible. If not, cite to S. Ct. If that’s not possible, cite to L. Ed. If you can cite to none of the above, cite to U.S.L.W.
United States Reports
91 U.S. to date	1875–date	U.S.
Wallace	1863–1874	e.g., 68 U.S. (1 Wall.)
Black	1861–1862	e.g., 66 U.S. (1 Black)
Howard	1843–1860	e.g., 42 U.S. (1 How.)
Peters	1828–1842	e.g., 26 U.S. (1 Pet.)
Wheaton	1816–1827	e.g., 14 U.S. (1 Wheat.)
Cranch	1801–1815	e.g., 5 U.S. (1 Cranch)
Dallas	1790–1800	e.g., 1 U.S. (1 Dall.)
Supreme Court Reporter	1882–date	S. Ct.
United States Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers’ Edition	1790–date	L. Ed., L. Ed. 2d
United States Law Week	1933–date	U.S.L.W.
Circuit Justices (e.g., Burger, Circuit Justice): Cite to U.S., else, cite to S. Ct., L. Ed., or U.S.L.W. in that order of preference.
United States Reports	1893–date	U.S.
Supreme Court Reporter	1893–date	S. Ct.
United States Supreme Court Reports, Lawyers’ Edition	1790–date	L. Ed., L. Ed. 2d
United States Law Week	1933–date	U.S.L.W.
Some cases presided over by Circuit Justices are found in other reporters. Cite to these cases in the following manner: Williamson v. United States, 184 F.2d 280 (Jackson, Circuit Justice, 2d Cir. 1950).
Courts of Appeals (e.g., 2d Cir., D.C. Cir.), previously Circuit Courts of Appeals (e.g., 2d Cir.), and Court of Appeals of/for the District of Columbia (D.C. Cir.): Cite to F., F.2d, or F.3d.
Federal Reporter	1891–date	F., F.2d, F.3d
Federal Appendix	2001–date	F. App’x
Circuit Courts (e.g., C.C.S.D.N.Y., C.C.D. Cal.) (abolished 1912): Cite to F. or F. Cas.
Federal Reporter	1880–1912	F.
Federal Cases	1789–1880	F. Cas.
Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals (Temp. Emer. Ct. App.) (1971–1993), Emergency Court of Appeals (Emer. Ct. App.) (created 1942, abolished 1961), and Commerce Court (Comm. Ct.) (created 1910, abolished 1913): Cite to F. or F.2d.
Federal Reporter	1910–1993	F., F.2d
For United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Fed. Cir.) (created 1982), successor to the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (C.C.P.A.) (previously the Court of Customs Appeals (Ct. Cust. App.)) and the appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Claims (Ct. Cl.): Cite to F., F.2d, or F.3d; else, cite to the official reporter.
Federal Reporter	1910–date	F., F.2d, F.3d
Court of Claims Reports	1956–1982	Ct. Cl.
Court of Customs and Patent Appeals Reports	1929–1982	C.C.P.A.
Court of Customs Appeals Reports	1910–1929	Ct. Cust.
United States Court of Federal Claims (Fed. Cl.) (created 1992), formerly United States Claims Court (Cl. Ct.) (created 1982), and successor to the original jurisdiction of the Court of Claims (Ct. Cl.): Cite to one of the following reporters:
Federal Claims Reporter	1992–date	Fed. Cl.
United States Claims Court Reporter	1983–1992	Cl. Ct.
Federal Reporter	1930–1932	F.2d
Federal Reporter	1960–1982	F.2d
Federal Supplement	1932–1960	F. Supp.
Court of Claims Reports	1863–1982	Ct. Cl.
For United States Court of International Trade (Ct. Int’l Trade) (created 1980), formerly United States Customs Court (Cust. Ct.) (created 1926): Cite to the official reporters, if possible; if not, in the following order, cite to F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, or F. Supp. 3d to Cust. B. & Dec. (an official publication), or to I.T.R.D. (BNA).
Court of International Trade Reports	1980–date	Ct. Int’l Trade
Customs Court Reports	1938–1980	Cust. Ct.
Federal Supplement	1980–date	F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, F. Supp. 3d
Customs Bulletin and Decisions	1967–date	Cust. B. & Dec.
International Trade Reporter Decisions	1980–date	I.T.R.D. (BNA)
For District Courts (e.g., D. Mass., S.D.N.Y.): For cases after 1932, cite to F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, F. Supp. 3d, F.R.D., or B.R.; else, cite to Fed. R. Serv.,Fed. R. Serv. 2d, or Fed. R. Serv. 3d. For prior cases, cite to F., F.2d, or F. Cas.
Federal Supplement	1932–date	F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, F. Supp. 3d
Federal Rules Decisions	1938–date	F.R.D.
West’s Bankruptcy Reporter	1979–date	B.R.
Federal Rules Service	1938–date	Fed. R. Serv. (Callaghan), Fed. R. Serv. 2d (Callaghan), Fed. R. Serv. 3d (West)
Federal Reporter	1880–1932	F., F.2d
Federal Cases	1789–1880	F. Cas.
Citations to F. Cas. should give the case number parenthetically. Davey v. The Mary Frost, 7 F. Cas. 11 (E.D. Tx. 1876) (No. 3591).
For Bankruptcy Courts (e.g., Bankr. N.D. Cal.) and Bankruptcy Appellate Panels (e.g., B.A.P. 1st Cir.), cite to B.R.; else, cite to a service.
Bankruptcy Reporter	1979–date	B.R.
Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (J.P.M.L.) (created 1968) and Special Court, Regional Rail Reorganization Act (Reg’l Rail Reorg. Ct.) (created 1973): Cite to F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d., or F. Supp. 3d.
Federal Supplement	1968–date	F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, F. Supp. 3d
For Tax Court (T.C.) (created 1942), previously Board of Tax Appeals (B.T.A.), cite to T.C. or B.T.A.; else, cite to T.C.M. (CCH), T.C.M. (P-H), T.C.M. (RIA), or B.T.A.M. (P-H).
United States Tax Court Reports	1942–date	T.C.
Reports of the United States Board of Tax Appeals	1924–1942	B.T.A.
Tax Court Memorandum Decisions	1942–date	T.C.M. (CCH)
	1942–1991	T.C.M. (P-H)
	1991–date	T.C.M. (RIA)
Board of Tax Appeals Memorandum Decisions	1928–1942	B.T.A.M. (P-H)
For United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims (Vet. App.), previously United States Court of Veterans Appeals (Vet. App.) (created 1988), cite to Vet. App.
West’s Veterans Appeals Reporter	1990–date	Vet. App.
United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (C.A.A.F.), previously United States Court of Military Appeals (C.M.A.): Cite to C.M.A..
Decisions of the United States Court of Military Appeals	1951–1975	C.M.A.
West’s Military Justice Reporter	1978–date	M.J.
Court Martial Reports	1951–1975	C.M.R.
Military Service Courts of Criminal Appeals (A. Ct. Crim. App., A.F. Ct. Crim. App., C.G. Ct. Crim. App., N-M. Ct. Crim. App.), previously Courts of Military Review (e.g., A.C.M.R.), previously Boards of Review (e.g., A.B.R.): For cases after 1950, cite to M.J. or C.M.R. For earlier cases, cite to the official reporter.
West’s Military Justice Reporter	1975–date	M.J.
Court Martial Reports	1951–1975	C.M.R.
For statutory compilations, cite to U.S.C.
United States Code (26 U.S.C. may be abbreviated as I.R.C.)		`<tit. no.>` U.S.C. § x (`<year>`)
United States Code Annotated		`<tit. no.>` U.S.C.A. § x (West `<year>`)
United States Code Service		`<tit. no.>` U.S.C.S. § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Gould’s United States Code Unannotated		`<tit. no.>` U.S.C.U. § x (Gould `<year>`)
Session laws
United States Statutes at Large		`<vol. no.>` Stat. `<page no.>` (`<year>`)
For public laws before 1957, cite by by chapter number; for subsequent public laws, cite by public law number.

T2. Federal Administrative and Executive Materials

Administrative Materials	Citation
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA)
Decisions: Cite decisions as: `<case name>`, ASBCA No. `<decision number>`, `<citation to services>` For citations to the Board of Contract Appeals Decisions (BCA), published by Commerce Clearing House, the publisher is not indicated and the volume number should be used to indicate the year of the decision. RMTC Sys., Inc., ASBCA No. 43466, 93-1 BCA ¶ 25,508.
Civilian Board of Contract Appeals (CBCA)
Decisions: Cite the same way as a citation for the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals, but include the opposing agency in the case name. G2G, LLC v. Dept. of Commerce, CBCA 4845-R, 15-1 BCA ¶ 36,163.
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA)
Decisions: Cite decisions as: `<case name>`, ASBCA No. `<decision number>`, `<citation to services>` For citations to the Board of Contract Appeals Decisions (BCA), published by Commerce Clearing House, the publisher is not indicated and the volume number should be used to indicate the year of the decision.
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
Decisions: Cite as `<case name>`, CFTC No. `<docket number>`, `<secondary source if available>` (`<date>`). Windjammer Capital LLC v. Glob. Futures Exch. & Trading Co., Inc., CFTC No. 14-R1, 2015 WL 9434227 (Dec. 22, 2015).
Interpretive Letters, No-Action Letters, and Exemptive Letters: Cite a service or an electronic database. Include the full name of the correspondent if available, the CFTC docket number, and the full date on which the letter became publicly available.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)
Decisions: Cite as `<case name>`, CFPB No. `<decision number>`, `<secondary source if available>` (`<date>`). American Express Travel Related Servs., Inc., CFPB No. 2013-CFPB-0013 (Dec. 24, 2013).
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Decisions: Cite to the Agriculture Decisions (Agric. Dec). Arizona Livestock Auction, Inc., 55 Agric Dec. 1121 (U.S.D.A. 1996).
Directives: Cite as: `<issuing agency abbreviated according to table below>` `<directive number>`, `<directive title>` (U.S.D.A. `<year>`).
Agricultural Marketing Service	AMS
Agricultural Research Service	ARS 218
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service	APHIS
Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion	CNPP
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service	CSREES
Economic Research Service	ERS
Farm Service Agency	FSA
Food and Nutrition Service	FNS
Food Safety and Inspection Service	FSIS
Foreign Agricultural Service	FAS
Forest Service	FS
Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration	GIPSA
National Agricultural Library	NAL
National Agricultural Statistics Service	NASS
National Institute of Food and Agriculture	NIFA
National Resources Conservation Service	NRCS
Risk Management Agency	RMA
Rural Development	RD
Rural Housing Service	RHS
Rural Utilities Service	RUS
Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Decisions in Consistency Appeals Under the Coastal Zone Management Act: Citation format for decisions of the Secretary of Commerce under the Coastal Zone Management Act: Decision and Findings in the Consistency Appeal of `<party name>`, from an objection by `<state or relevant state agency’s name>` (Sec’y of Commerce `<date>`). If these decisions are not published in an official reporter; indicate the source where the decision is located.
Other NOAA Decisions: For decisions of administrative law judges in civil administrative law cases, cite to the Ocean Resources and Wildlife Reporter (O.R.W.); else cite to an appropriate secondary source.
Decisions of the Administrator for Appeals (NOAA App.) should so specify.
Department of Commerce, Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
Decisions: For decisions of the Commissioner of Patents, cite to Decisions of the Commissioner of Patents (Dec. Comm’r Pat.) following Rule 19, except that if the party name includes a procedural phrase, it should be included.
For decisions by the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (B.P.A.I.), cite as: `<party name>`, No. `<docket number>`, `<citation to secondary source if available>` (B.P.A.I. `<date>`).
For decisions of the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (T.TA.B.), cite as: `<case name>`, `<citation to secondary source>` (T.T.A.B. `<year>`).
Patents:
If relevant, cite the patent number and the date the patent was filed. U.S. Patent No. 8,112,504 B2 (filed Mar. 4, 2009)
The patent name and/or issuing date may be included if relevant. System for disseminating media content representing episodes in a serialized sequence, U.S. Patent No. 8,112,504 B2 (filed Mar. 4, 2009) (issued Feb. 7, 2012)
For citations to a specific field of the title page, include the field code in brackets: U.S. Patent No. 8,112,504 B2, at [75] (filed Mar. 4, 2009)
For citations to a specific portion of patent text, a patent figure, or an item within a figure: U.S. Patent No. 8,112,504 B2, fig. 1, item 141 (filed Mar. 4, 2009)
Short form patent citations include an apostrophe followed by the last three digits of the patent number: ’504 Patent.
Trademarks:
For registered trademarks, cite as `<TRADEMARK NAME>`, Registration No. `<registration number>`. THE BLUEBOOK A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF CITATION, Registration No. 3,886,986.
For trademarks that have been filed, but not approved, cite as U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. `<Serial Number>` (filed `<date>`). U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 86,680,743 (filed Jul. 1, 2015).
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office (1872–1971)	Off. Gaz. Pat. Office
Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (1975–2002)	Off. Gaz. Pat. & Trademark Office
Trademark Manual of Examining Procedure	TMEP (5th ed. Sept. 2007)
Manual of Patent Examining Procedure	MPEP (8th ed. Rev. 7, Sept. 2008)
Department of Education
Reports: Cite Institution of Education Sciences reports as Institution of Education Sciences, `<title>` `<page>` (`<date>`). Institute of Education Sciences, National Board for Education Sciences Annual Report 12 (2014).
Reports: Cite federal student aid proceedings as `<case name>`, U.S. Dep’t of Educ., No. `<docket number>` (`<date>`). Lincoln Univ., U.S. Dep't of Educ., No. 13-68-SF (Mar. 16, 2015).
Department of Homeland Security, Bureau of Customs and Border Protection
The two official reporters of the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection and its predecessors are the Administrative Decisions Under Immigration and Nationality Laws (I. & N. Dec.) and the Customs Bulletin and Decisions (Cust. B. & Dec).
Department of Justice
Advisory Opinions: For published, formal advisory opinions, cite in the same manner as adjudications. Cite opinions from the Attorney General as Opinions of the Attorneys General (Op. Att’y Gen.). Cite opinions from the Office of Legal Counsel as Opinions of the Office of Legal Counsel of the Department of Justice (Op. O.L.C.). Authority of Sec’y of Treasury to Compromise Final Judgments, 36 U.S. Op. Att’ Gen. 40 (1929) Diversion of Water From Niagara River, 30 Op. Att'y Gen. 217 (1913). U.S. Assistance to Countries That Shoot Down Civil Aircraft Involved in Drug Trafficking, 18 Op. O.L.C. 148, 165 (1994). Cite precedent decisions of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) to Administrative Decisions Under Immigration and Nationality Laws (I. & N. Dec.) as published by the Department of Justice Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR).
Department of Labor
Decisions in Petition for Modification Cases Under Section 101(c) of the Mine Act, 30 U.S.C. § 811(c): Cite as `<description of decision>`, `<case name>`, Docket No. `<docket number>` (Dep’t of Labor `<date>`). Note that these decisions have not been reported in any official reporter or service.
Decisions in Enforcement Actions Brought by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs: Cite as `<case name>`, `<docket number>`, `<description of decision>` (Dep’t of Labor `<date>`). Note that these decisions have not been reported in any official reporter or service. OFCCP v. Bank of Am., 97-OFC-16, Secretary's Decision and Order of Remand (Dep't of Labor Mar. 31, 2003).
Decisions by the Benefits Review Board: Cite to a service. Jones v. I.T.O. Corp. of Baltimore, 9 Ben. Rev. Bd. Serv. (MB) 583, 585 (1979).
Department of the Interior
Cite agency decisions to Interior Decisions (Interior Dec.) or Interior and General Land Office Cases Relating to Public Lands (Pub. Lands Dec.). Where a board within the agency issues the opinion, note the board in the same parenthetical as the date, using these abbreviations:
Interior Board of Land Appeals	IBLA
Interior Board of Indian Appeals	DBIA
Interior Board of Contract Appeals	IBCA
Shell Offshore, Inc., 94 Interior Dec. 69 (IBLA 1987).
Department of State
Reports: For reports of the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, cite as: U.S. Dep’t of State, Bureau of Democracy, H.R. and Lab., `<title>` `<page>` (`<date>`). U.S. Dep't of State, Bureau of Democracy, H.R. and Lab., International Religious Freedom Report 14 (2014).
Department of the Treasury
Regulations: For Department of Treasury regulations, cite as `<Treas. Reg.>`, despite the fact that they are published under Title 26 of the C.F.R.
For unamended regulations, cite the year: Treas. Reg. § 1.41-2 (1989). Indicate if the regulation is a temnporary regulation by beginning the citation with Temp: Temp. Treas. Reg. § 5e.274-8 (1982).
For specific questions and answers, cite as: Treas. Reg. § 1.72-16(a), Q&A (3)(a) (1963).
If any subsection of the cited section has been amended or appears in substantially different versions, give the year of the most recent amendment. Follow this rule even if the particular subsection you are citing has never been amended. Treas. Reg. § 1.41-2 (as amended in 2001).
Indicate when the source of the amendment is relevant. Treas. Reg. § 1.41-2 (as amended by T.D. 8930, 65 FR 287).
For proposed Treasury regulations to the Federal Register, cite in the following manner: Prop. Treas. Reg. § 1.704-1, 48 Fed. Reg. 9871, 9872 (Mar. 9, 1983).
Treasury Determinations: Cite Revenue Rulings, Revenue Procedures, and Treasury Decisions to the Cumulative Bulletin (C.B.) or its advance sheet, the Internal Revenue Bulletin (I.R.B.), or to Treasury Decisions Under Internal Revenue Laws (Treas. Dec. Int. Rev.), in that order of preference.
The numbering of the Cumulative Bulletin is as follows: By volume number from 1919 to 1921. By volume number and part number from 1921 to 1936. By year and part number from 1937 to date. The abbreviations used are explained in the introductory pages of each volume of the Cumulative Bulletin.
Private Letter Rulings: Cite by number and the date issued, if available.
Technical Advice Memoranda: Cite by number and the date issued, if available.
General Counsel Memoranda: Cite by number and the date on which the memorandum was approved.
Other Treasury Determinations: For all other Treasury materials, cite to the Cumulative Bulletin, Internal Revenue Bulletin, or Internal Revenue Manual (IRM). Delegation Orders (Deleg. Order) Treasury Orders (Treas. Order)Treasury Directives (Treas. Dir.) Notices, Announcements, and News Releases Otherwise cite by number and date issued.
Cases: For the Tax Court and Board of Tax Appeals, cite as those of a court, not of an agency.
Acquiescence: The following may be indicated in the case citation if the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service has published an acquiescence (acq.), acquiescence in result only (acq. In result), or nonacquiescence (nonacq.) in a decision of the Tax Court or Board of Tax Appeals.
Action on Decision: To cite an action on decision (action on dec) as subsequent history, include its identifying number, if any, and its full date.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Decisions: For Environmental Administrative Decisions (E.A.D.) indicate the decision maker—either the Environmental Appeals Board (EAB) or an administrative law judge—if the source does not make it obvious. Donald Cutler, 11 E.A.D. 622, 623 (EAB 2004).
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Decisions: For EEOC decisions that do not have readily identifiable titles, cite using the decision number in place of the title. Otherwise cite per Rule 19. Budnik v. Chertoff, EEOC DOC 0520070154 (2006).
For EEOC Federal Sector decisions that have party names, cite in accordance with Rule 11.2.
Executive Office of the President
Executive Orders, Presidential Proclamations, and Reorganization Plans: Cite by page number to 3 C.F.R. However, since all executive orders are not reprinted in successive years of the C.F.R., cite to the original year, rather than the most recent edition of the C.F.R. Where relevant, include a parallel citation to the U.S.C. Exec. Order 13,136, 3 C.F.R. 216 (Sep. 3, 1999).
If the material is not in the C.F.R., cite to the Federal Register. Exec. Order 12,900, 59 FR 9061 (Feb. 22, 1994).
A parallel citation to the Statutes at Large may also be given.
Other Presidential Papers: Cite to Public Papers of the Presidents (Papers) if found there. If not recorded in the Public Papers, cite the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc.), published from 1965 to January 29, 2009, the Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents (Daily Comp. Pres. Doc.), published from January 29, 2009 to date, or the U.S. Code Congressional and Administrative News (U.S.C.C.A.N.).
Budgets: Use the structure of book citations for governmental budgets. Office of Mgmt. & Budget, Exec. Office of the President, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2014 (2013).
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Decisions: For decisions of administrative law judges in civil penalty enforcement matters adjudicated under 14 C.F.R. Part 13, Section 13.16 and subpart G, cite per Rule 12.4.2 as slip opinions.
For Decisions of the Administrator or his delegate, cite using an order number, not a docket number.
For Decisions of the Office of Dispute Resolution for Acquisition (ODRA) adjudicated under 14 C.F.R. Part 17, the citation should incorporate the type of dispute.
For other FAA decisions and orders, the citation should indicate the nature of the decision, followed by the date.
Federal Express Corporation, FAA Order No. 2002-20, 2002 WL 31777976 (F.A.A.). Envirosolve, LLC, FAA Order No. 2006-2, 2006 WL 465371 (Feb. 7, 2006). Aerocomp, Inc., FAA Order No. 2006-1, Order Dismissing Appeal (Jan. 12, 2006).
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Cite to the Federal Communications Commission Reports (F.C.C., F.C.C.2d), published 1934-1986, or the Federal Communications Commission Record (FCC Rcd.), published since 1986. Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet, GN Docket No. 14-28, Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 29 FCC Rcd 5561 (2014).
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
Cite decisions to the Federal Energy Guidelines: FERC Reports (FERC). Filing of Privileged Materials and Answers to Motions, Order No. 769, 141 FERC ¶ 61,049 (2012).
Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)
Cite decisions to the Decisions of the Federal Labor Relations Authority (F.L.R.A.).
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC)
Cite decisions to the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission Decisions (FMSHRC).
Federal Reserve System
Enforcement Actions: Cite written agreements resulting from enforcement actions as: Written Agreement between `<private bank name>` and `<Federal Reserve Bank name>`, Docket no. `<docket number>` (`<date>`). Written Agreement Between Allied First Bancorp, Inc. and Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Docket No. 14-006-WA/RB-HC (2014).
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Cite decisions to the Federal Trade Commission (F.T.C.).
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
Bid Protest Decisions: Cite to Decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States (Comp. Gen.). Space Communications Co., 66 Comp. Gen. 2 (1987).
For unpublished decisions to a readily accessible source, cite as: `<protesting party>`, `<docket number>`, `<volume number or year>` `<source>` `<location within source volume or year>` (Comp. Gen. `<date>`). Do not indicate the publisher when citing these cases to the Comptroller General’s Procurement Decision, published by West. HP Enterprise Services, LLC, B-405692, 2012 CPD ¶ 13 (Comp. Gen. Dec. 14, 2011). Phoenix Environmental Design, Inc., B-412503, 2016 WL 873296 (Comp. Gen. Mar. 7, 2016).
Insert “et al.” after the docket number where a decision resolves multiple bid protests, each having its own docket number. IAP-Hill, LLC, B-406289 et al, 2012 CPD ¶ 151 (Comp. Gen. Apr. 4, 2012).
International Trade Commission (USITC)
Trade Remedy Investigations: Cite as: `<investigation name>`, Inv. No. `<number>`, USITC Pub. `<number>` (`<date>`) (`<status>`). Indicate where a single decision contains multiple investigation numbers. Trade and Investment Polices in India, 2014–2015, Inv. No. 332-550, USITC Pub. 4566 (Sep. 2015). The Year in Trade 2014: Operation of the Trade Agreements Program, USITC Pub. 4543 (July 2015). Polyvinyl Alcohol from China, Japan, and Taiwan, Inv. Nos. 701-TA-309, 731-TA-528, 731-TA-529, USITC Pub. 4067 (Mar. 27, 2009) (Review).
Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB)
Cite decisions to the Decisions of the United States Merit Systems Protection Board (M.S.P.B.).
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
Cite decisions and orders to the Decisions and Orders of the National Labor Relations Board (N.L.R.B.).
National Mediation Board (NMB)
Cite decisions to the Decisions of the National Mediation Board (N.M.B.).
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
Cite decisions to the National Transportation Safety Board Decisions (N.T.S.B.), published from 1967-1977.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
For decisions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, cite to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Issuances (N.R.C.). For decisions of its predecessor, the Atomic Energy Commission (1956–1975), cite to the Atomic Energy Commission Reports (A.E.C.).
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC)
Decisions: For commission decisions reported in a service, cite as: `<party name>`, `<service volume number>` `<publisher>` `<service, abbreviated as below>` `<page/paragraph number>` (No. `<docket number>`, `<year>`). US Pagoda, Inc., CCH OSHD ¶ 33123 (No. 10-2035, 2011).
At the end of a citation, indicate parenthetically when an administrative law judge issued the decision, rather than the commission. Miller Construction Co., 24 BNA OSHC 1817 (No. 13-0323, 2013) (ALJ).
The abbreviations OSHRC uses for services reporting its decisions vary from those in Table T4 as follows:
Occupational Safety & Health Cases (BNA)	OSHC
Occupational Safety & Health Decisions	OSHD
A decision that is not cited in any service or database may be cited as a slip opinion using Rule 12.4.2. Prime Roofing Corp., No. 07-1409 (OSHRC Feb. 5, 2008).
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Interpretive Letters, No-Action Letters, and Exemptive Letters: Cite a service or an electronic database (Rule 12.4.1. LEXIS and Westlaw cases). In the citation, include the correspondent’s full name and the date that the letter became publicly available. Poplogix LLC, SEC No-Action Letter, 2010 WL 4472794 (Nov. 5, 2010). MP Environmental Funding LLC, SEC Interprative Letter, 2007 WL 2838964 (Sep. 19, 2007)
Releases: Cite the Federal Register, SEC Docket, or a service (Rule 19. Administrative Rules and Regulations). Releases that have subject-matter title may be presented in a short form. Make sure to include the act under which the release was issued, the release number, and the date. SEC Whistleblower Rules, Exchange Act Release No. 75592, 80 Fed. Reg 47829 (Aug. 10, 2015).
If the release is an adjudication, abbreviate the parties’ names according to Rule 11. Midas Securities, LLC., Exchange Act Release No. 66200, 102 SEC Docket 3123, 102 SEC Docket 3137 (Jan. 20, 2012).
If the adjudication occurred before an administrative law judge, indicate this fact in the date parenthetical.
If a particular release is issued under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or the Investment Company Act, a parallel citation should be given in that order.
Staff Interpretations: Cite SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins, Staff Legal Bulletins, and Telephone Interpretations as follows: SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 99, 64 Fed. Reg. 45150 (Aug. 19, 1999).
SEC Filings: For annual reports, proxy statements, and other company filings required under federal securities laws, provide the name of the company (abbreviated according to Rule 15.1 In Text), the title as given in the document, the form type in parentheses, the page number if applicable, and the full date of filing with the SEC. Apple Inc., Annual Report (Form 10-K), (Oct. 28, 2015).
If citing annual reports, proxy statements, or other documents in a form other than that filed with the SEC, treat as books under Rule 15. Facebook, Inc., 2014 Annual Report (2014).
Small Business Administration (SBA)
Decisions: Cite decisions as: `<party name>`, SBA No. `<docket number>` (`<date>`). OxyHeal Medical Systems, Inc., SBA No. SIZ-5707 (Jan. 19 2016).
The docket number indicates the type of decision:
Small disadvantaged business	SDBA
Size determination	SIZ
Service disabled veteran owned business	VET
Business development program	BDP
North American Industry Classification System	NAICS
Social Security Administration (SSA)
Rulings and Acquiescence Rulings: For Social Security Rulings, cite as SSR; for Social Security Acquiescence Rulings, cite as SSAR. Cite to the Social Security Rulings, Cumulative Edition (S.S.R. Cum. Ed.). If not published there, cite to another official source, such as the Code of Federal Regulations or the Federal Register. Otherwise, cite a commercial database or other source. SSR 62-2, 1960-1974 Soc. Sec. Rep. Serv. 69 (Jan. 1, 1962).
Surface Transportation Board (STB)
For materials from the Surface Transportation Board, cite to the Surface Transportation Board Reporter (S.T.B.). For materials from its predecessor, cite to the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), to the Interstate Commerce Commission Reporter (I.C.C., I.C.C. 2d).
The official date for unpublished decisions is the date on which the decision was served on the parties or otherwise filed by the STB (or ICC). Do not cite the date of the decision.

T3. U.S. States and Other Jurisdictions

Category	Dates	Abbreviation
Alabama
Supreme Court (Ala.): Cite to So., So. 2d, or So. 3d.
Southern Reporter	1886–date	So., So. 2d, So. 3d
Alabama Reports	1840–1976	Ala.
Porter	1834–1839	Port.
Stewart and Porter	1831–1834	Stew. & P.
Stewart	1827–1831	Stew.
Minor	1820–1826	Minor
Court of Civil Appeals (Ala. Civ. App.) and Court of Criminal Appeals (Ala. Crim. App.), before 1969 Court of Appeals (Ala. Ct. App.): Cite to So., So. 2d, or So. 3d.
Southern Reporter	1911–date	So., So. 2d, So. 3d
Alabama Appellate Courts Reports	1911–1974	Ala. App.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Ala. Code (published by West).
Code of Alabama, 1975 (West)		Ala. Code § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Michie’s Alabama Code, 1975 (LexisNexis)		Ala. Code § x-x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Ala. Laws.
Alabama Laws		`<year>` Ala. Laws `<page no.>`
West’s Alabama Legislative Service		`<year>` Ala. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Michie’s Alabama Code `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Ala. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilation
Alabama Administrative Code		Ala. Admin. Code r. x-x-x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Alabama Administrative Monthly		`<vol. no.>` Ala. Admin. Monthly `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Alaska
Supreme Court (Alaska): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1960–date	P.2d, P.3d
Court of Appeals (Alaska Ct. App.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1980–date	P.2d, P.3d
District Courts of Alaska (D. Alaska): These courts had local jurisdiction from 1884 to 1959. Cite to F. Supp., F., or F.2d; else, cite to Alaska or Alaska Fed., in that order of preference.
Federal Supplement	1946–1959	F. Supp.
Federal Reporter	1886–1932	F., F.2d
Alaska Reports	1887–1958	Alaska
Alaska Federal Reports	1869–1937	Alaska Fed.
United States District Courts for California and Oregon, and District Courts of Washington (D. Cal., D. Or., D. Wash.): These courts had local jurisdiction in Alaska until 1884. Cite to F. or F. Cas.
Federal Reporter	1880–1884	F.
Federal Cases	1867–1880	F. Cas.
Alaska Federal Reports	1869–1937	Alaska Fed.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Alaska Stat.
Alaska Statutes (LexisNexis)		Alaska Stat. § x.x.x (`<year>`)
West’s Alaska Statutes Annotated		Alaska Stat. Ann. § x.x.x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Alaska Sess. Laws.
Session Laws of Alaska		`<year>` Alaska Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
Alaska Statutes `<year>` Advance Legislative Service		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Alaska Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Alaska Legislative Service		`<year>` Alaska Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Alaska Administrative Code (LexisNexis)		Alaska Admin. Code tit. x, § x.x (`<year>`)
Arizona
Supreme Court (Ariz.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Arizona Reports	1866–date	Ariz.
Court of Appeals (Ariz. Ct. App.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1965–date	P.2d, P.3d
Arizona Reports	1976–date	Ariz.
Arizona Appeals Reports	1965–1977	Ariz. App.
Tax Court (Ariz. Tax Ct.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1988–date	P.2d, P.3d
Statutory compilations: Cite to Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann..
Arizona Revised Statutes Annotated (West)		Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x-x (`<year>`)
Arizona Revised Statutes (LexisNexis)		Ariz. Rev. Stat. § x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Ariz. Sess. Laws.
Session Laws, Arizona		`<year>` Ariz. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
Arizona Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Ariz. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Arizona Administrative Code		Ariz. Admin. Code § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Arizona Administrative Register		`<vol. no.>` Ariz. Admin. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Arkansas
Public domain citation format: Arkansas has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after February 13, 2009. For additional instruction, consult Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 5-2. The format is: Smith v. Hickman, 2009 Ark. 12, at 1, 273 S.W.3d 340, 343. Doe v. State, 2009 Ark. App. 318, at 7, 2009 WL 240613, at *8.
Supreme Court (Ark.): Cite to S.W., S.W.2d, or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1886–date	S.W., S.W.2d, or S.W.3d
Arkansas Reports	1837–2009	Ark.
Court of Appeals (Ark. Ct. App.): Cite to S.W.2d or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1979–date	S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Arkansas Appellate Reports	1981–2009	Ark. App.
Arkansas Reports	1979–1981	Ark.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Ark. Code Ann. (published by LexisNexis).
Arkansas Code of 1987 Annotated (LexisNexis)		Ark. Code Ann. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West's Arkansas Code Annotated		Ark. Code Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Ark. Acts.
Acts of Arkansas (West)		`<year>` Ark. Acts `<page no.>`
Arkansas Code of 1987 Annotated `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Ark. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West's Arkansas Legislative Service		`<year>` Ark. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Code of Arkansas Rules (LexisNexis)		x-x-x Ark. Code R. § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative registers: Cite to Ark. Reg..
Arkansas Register		`<vol. no.>` Ark. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month year>`)
Arkansas Government Register		`<iss. no.>` Ark. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
California
Supreme Court (Cal.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
California Reports	1850–date	Cal., Cal. 2d, Cal. 3d, Cal. 4th
West’s California Reporter	1959–date	Cal. Rptr., Cal. Rptr. 2d, Cal. Rptr. 3d
California Unreported Cases	1855–1910	Cal. Unrep.
Court of Appeal (Cal. Ct. App.), previously District Court of Appeal (Cal. Dist. Ct. App.): Cite to P. or P.2d (before 1960) or Cal. Rptr., Cal. Rptr. 2d (after 1959), or Cal. Rptr. 3d.
West’s California Reporter	1959–date	Cal. Rptr., Cal. Rptr. 2d, Cal. Rptr. 3d
Pacific Reporter	1905–1959	P., P.2d
California Appellate Reports	1905–date	Cal. App., Cal. App. 2d, Cal. App. 3d, Cal. App. 4th
Appellate Divisions of the Superior Court (Cal. App. Dep’t Super. Ct.): Cite to P. or P.2d (before 1960) or to Cal. Rptr., Cal. Rptr. 2d (after 1959), or Cal. Rptr. 3d.
West’s California Reporter	1959–date	Cal. Rptr., Cal. Rptr. 2d, Cal. Rptr. 3d
Pacific Reporter	1929–1959	P., P.2d
California Appellate Reports Supplement (bound with Cal. App.)	1929–date	Cal. App. Supp., Cal. App. 2d Supp., Cal. App. 3d Supp., Cal. App. 4th Supp.
Statutory compilations: Cite to either the West or the Deering subject-matter code.
West’s Annotated California Codes		Cal. `<Subject>` Code § x (West `<year>`)
Deering’s California Codes, Annotated (LexisNexis)		Cal. `<Subject>` Code § x (Deering `<year>`)
Agricultural (renamed “Food and Agricultural” in 1972)		Agric.
Business and Professions		Bus. & Prof.
Civil		Civ.
Civil Procedure		Civ. Proc.
Commercial		Com.
Corporations		Corp.
Education		Educ.
Elections		Elec.
Evidence		Evid.
Family		Fam.
Financial		Fin.
Fish and Game		Fish & Game
Food and Agricultural (formerly “Agricultural”)		Food & Agric.
Government		Gov’t
Harbors and Navigation		Harb. & Nav.
Health and Safety		Health & Safety
Insurance		Ins.
Labor		Lab.
Military and Veterans		Mil. & Vet.
Penal		Penal
Probate		Prob.
Public Contract		Pub. Cont.
Public Resources		Pub. Res.
Public Utilities		Pub. Util.
Revenue and Taxation		Rev. & Tax.
Streets and Highways		Sts. & High.
Unemployment Insurance		Unemp. Ins.
Vehicle		Veh.
Water		Water
Welfare and Institutions		Welf. & Inst.
Session laws: Cite to Cal. Stat..
Statutes of California		`<year>` Cal. Stat. `<page no.>`
West’s California Legislative Service		`<year>` Cal. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Deering’s California Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Cal. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilation
California Code of Regulations (West)		Cal. Code Regs. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
California Regulatory Notice Register		`<iss. no.>` Cal. Regulatory Notice Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Colorado
Public domain citation format: Colorado has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after January 3, 2012. For additional information, consult Rules of the Supreme Court of Colorado, Chief Justice Directive 12-01. The format is: Smith v. Jones, 2012 CO 22. Smith v. Jones, 2012 CO 22, ¶¶ 13–14. Jones v. Smith, 2012 COA 35.
Supreme Court (Colo.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d, if found there; else, cite to Colo., if found there, or to Colo. Law. or Brief Times Rptr.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Colorado Reports	1864–1980	Colo.
Colorado Lawyer	1972–date	Colo. Law.
Brief Times Reporter	1977–1996	Brief Times Rptr.
Colorado Journal	1996–2002	Colo. J.
Law Week Colorado	2002–date	L. Week Colo.
Court of Appeals (Colo. App.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d, if found there; else, cite to Colo. App., if found there, or else to one of the other reporters listed below.
Pacific Reporter	1970–date	P.2d, P.3d
	1912–1915	P.
	1891–1905	P.
Colorado Court of Appeals Reports	1891–1905	Colo. App.
	1912–1915	Colo. App.
	1970–1980	Colo. App.
Colorado Lawyer	1972–date	Colo. Law.
Brief Times Reporter	1977–1996	Brief Times Rptr.
Colorado Journal	1996–2002	Colo. J.
Law Week Colorado	2002–date	L. Week Colo.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Colo. Rev. Stat..
Colorado Revised Statutes (LexisNexis)		Colo. Rev. Stat. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West’s Colorado Revised Statutes Annotated		Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Colo. Sess. Laws.
Session Laws of Colorado (LexisNexis)		`<year>` Colo. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
Colorado Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Colo. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilations: Cite to Colo. Code Regs..
Colorado Code of Regulations		Colo. Code Regs. § x-x (`<year>`)
Code of Colorado Regulations (LexisNexis)		`<vol. no.>` Colo. Code Regs. § x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
Colorado Register		`<iss. no.>` Colo. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month year>`)
Connecticut
Supreme Court (Conn.), previously Supreme Court of Errors (Conn.): Cite to A., A.2d, or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1885–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
Connecticut Reports	1814–date	Conn.
Day	1802–1813	Day
Root	1789–1798	Root
Kirby	1785–1789	Kirby
Appellate Court (Conn. App. Ct.): Cite to A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1983–date	A.2d, A.3d
Connecticut Appellate Reports	1983–date	Conn. App.
Superior Court (Conn. Super. Ct.) and Court of Common Pleas (Conn. C.P.): Cite to A.2d or A.3d, if found there; else, cite to Conn. Supp., if found there, or else to one of the other reporters listed below.
Atlantic Reporter	1954–date	A.2d, A.3d
Connecticut Supplement	1935–date	Conn. Supp.
Connecticut Law Reporter	1990–date	Conn. L. Rptr.
Connecticut Superior Court Reports	1986–1994	Conn. Super. Ct.
Circuit Court (Conn. Cir. Ct.): Cite to A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1961–1974	A.2d, A.3d
Connecticut Circuit Court Reports	1961–1974	Conn. Cir. Ct.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Conn. Gen. Stat..
General Statutes of Connecticut		Conn. Gen. Stat. § x-x (`<year>`)
Connecticut General Statutes Annotated (West)		Conn. Gen. Stat. Ann. § x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Conn. Acts, Conn. Pub. Acts, or Conn. Spec. Acts.
Connecticut Public & Special Acts	1972–date	`<year>` Conn. Acts `<page no.>` ([Reg. or Spec.] Sess.)
Connecticut Public Acts	1650–1971	`<year>` Conn. Pub. Acts `<page no.>`
Connecticut Special Acts (Resolves & Private Laws, Private & Special Laws, Special Laws, Resolves & Private Acts, Resolutions & Private Acts, Private Acts & Resolutions, and Special Acts & Resolutions)	1789–1971	`<year>` Conn. Spec. Acts `<page no.>`
Connecticut Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Conn. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies		Conn. Agencies Regs. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Administrative registers: Cite to Conn. L.J..
Connecticut Law Journal		`<vol. no.>` Conn. L.J. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Connecticut Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` Conn. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
Delaware
Supreme Court (Del.), previously Court of Errors and Appeals (Del.): Cite to A., A.2d, or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1886–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
Delaware Reports
31 Del. to 59 Del.	1919–1966	Del.
Boyce	1909–1920	e.g., 24 Del. (1 Boyce)
Pennewill	1897–1909	e.g., 17 Del. (1 Penne.)
Marvel	1893–1897	e.g., 15 Del. (1 Marv.)
Houston	1855–1893	e.g., 6 Del. (1 Houst.)
Harrington	1832–1855	e.g., 1 Del. (1 Harr.)
Delaware Cases	1792–1830	Del. Cas.
Court of Chancery (Del. Ch.): Cite to A., A.2d, or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1886–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
Delaware Chancery Reports	1814–1968	Del. Ch.
Delaware Cases	1792–1830	Del. Cas.
Superior Court (Del. Super. Ct.), previously Superior Court and Orphans’ Court (Del. Super. Ct. & Orphans’ Ct.): Cite to A.2d or A.3d, if found there; else, cite to one of the official reporters listed under Supreme Court (Del.).
Atlantic Reporter	1951–date	A.2d, A.3d
Family Court (Del. Fam. Ct.): Cite to A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1977–date	A.2d, A.3d
Statutory compilations: Cite to Del. Code Ann..
Delaware Code Annotated (LexisNexis)		Del. Code Ann. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
West’s Delaware Code Annotated		Del. Code Ann. tit. x, § x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Del. Laws.
Laws of Delaware		`<vol. no.>` Del. Laws `<page no.>` (`<year>`)
Delaware Code Annotated `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Del. Code. Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Delaware Legislative Service		`<year>` Del. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilations: Cite to Del. Admin. Code.
Delaware Administrative Code		x-x-x Del. Admin. Code § x (`<year>`)
Code of Delaware Regulations (LexisNexis)		x-x-x Del. Code Regs. § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative registers: Cite to Del. Reg. Regs..
Delaware Register of Regulations		`<vol. no.>` Del. Reg. Regs. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Delaware Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` Del Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
District of Columbia
Court of Appeals (D.C.), previously Municipal Court of Appeals (D.C.): Cite to A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1943–date	A.2d, A.3d
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Cir.), previously Court of Appeals of/for the District of Columbia (D.C. Cir.), previously Supreme Court of the District of Columbia (D.C.): Cite to F., F.2d, or F.3d.
Federal Reporter	1919–date	F., F.2d, F.3d
United States Court of Appeals Reports	1941–date	U.S. App. D.C.
Appeal Cases, District of Columbia	1893–1941	App. D.C.
District of Columbia Reports
Tucker and Clephane	1892–1893	21 D.C. (Tuck. & Cl.)
Mackey	1880–1892	`<12–20>` D.C. (Mackey `<1–9>`)
MacArthur and Mackey	1879–1880	11 D.C. (MacArth. & M.)
MacArthur	1873–1879	`<8–10>` D.C. (MacArth. `<1–3>`)
District of Columbia Reports (reported by Mackey)	1863–1872	`<6–7>` D.C.
Hayward & Hazleton, Circuit Court (Circuit Court Reports, vols. 6–7)	1840–1863	`<1–2>` Hay. & Haz.
Cranch, Circuit Court	1801–1840	`<1–5>` D.C. (Cranch `<1–5>`)
Superior Court (D.C. Super. Ct.), previously Municipal Court (D.C. Mun. Ct.): Cite to Daily Wash. L. Rptr.
Daily Washington Law Reporter	1971–date	Daily Wash. L. Rptr.
Statutory compilations: Cite to D.C. Code.
District of Columbia Official Code (LexisNexis)		D.C. Code § x-x (`<year>`)
West's District of Columbia Code Annotated (West)		D.C. Code Ann. § x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Stat., D.C. Reg., or D.C. Code Adv. Leg. Serv..
United States Statutes at Large		`<vol. no.>` Stat. `<page no.>` (`<year>`)
District of Columbia Register		`<vol. no.>` D.C. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
District of Columbia Official Code Lexis Advance Legislative Service		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` D.C. Code Adv. Leg. Serv. `<page no.>`
District of Columbia Session Law Service West		`<year>` D.C. Sess. L. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Municipal regulations: Cite to D.C. Mun. Regs..
Code of D.C. Municipal Regulations		D.C. Mun. Regs. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Code of District of Columbia Municipal Regulations (LexisNexis)		D.C. Code Mun. Regs. tit. x § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
District of Columbia Register		`<vol. no.>` D.C. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Florida
Supreme Court (Fla.): Cite to So., So. 2d, or So. 3d.
Southern Reporter	1886–date	So., So. 2d, So. 3d
Florida Reports	1846–1948	Fla.
Florida Law Weekly	1978–date	Fla. L. Weekly
District Court of Appeal (Fla. Dist. Ct. App.): Cite to So. 2d or So. 3d.
Southern Reporter	1957–date	So. 2d, So. 3d
Florida Law Weekly	1978–date	Fla. L. Weekly
Circuit Court (Fla. Cir. Ct.), County Court (e.g., Fla. Orange County Ct.), Public Service Commission (Fla. P.S.C.), and other lower courts of record: Cite to Fla. Supp. or Fla. Supp. 2d.
Florida Supplement	1950–1991	Fla. Supp., Fla. Supp. 2d
Florida Law Weekly Supplement	1992–date	Fla. L. Weekly Supp.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Fla. Stat..
Florida Statutes		Fla. Stat. § x.x (`<year>`)
West’s Florida Statutes Annotated		Fla. Stat. Ann. § x.x (West `<year>`)
LexisNexis Florida Statutes Annotated		Fla. Stat. Ann. § x.x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Fla. Laws.
Laws of Florida		`<year>` Fla. Laws `<page no.>`
West’s Florida Session Law Service		`<year>` Fla. Sess. Law Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Florida Administrative Code Annotated (LexisNexis)		Fla. Admin. Code Ann. r. x-x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register: Cite to Fla. Admin. Reg..
Florida Administrative Register	2012–date	`<vol. no.>` Fla. Admin. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Florida Administrative Weekly (LexisNexis)	1996–2012	`<vol. no.>` Fla. Admin. Weekly `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Georgia
Supreme Court (Ga.): Cite to S.E. or S.E.2d.
South Eastern Reporter	1887–date	S.E., S.E.2d
Georgia Reports	1846–date	Ga.
Court of Appeals (Ga. Ct. App.): Cite to S.E. or S.E.2d.
South Eastern Reporter	1907–date	S.E., S.E.2d
Georgia Appeals Reports	1907–date	Ga. App.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Ga. Code Ann. (published by LexisNexis).
Official Code of Georgia Annotated (LexisNexis)		Ga. Code Ann. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West’s Code of Georgia Annotated		Ga. Code Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Ga. Laws.
Georgia Laws		`<year>` Ga. Laws `<page no.>`
Georgia `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Ga. Code Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Georgia Legislative Service		`<year>` Ga. Code Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Official Compilation Rules and Regulations of the State of Georgia		Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. x-x-x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Georgia Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` Ga. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
Hawaii
Supreme Court (Haw.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1959–date	P.2d, P.3d
West’s Hawaii Reports (begins with vol. 76)	1994–date	Haw.
Hawaii Reports (ends with vol. 75)	1847–1994	Haw.
Intermediate Court of Appeals (Haw. Ct. App.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1980–date	P.2d, P.3d
West’s Hawaii Reports	1994–date	Haw.
Hawaii Appellate Reports	1980–1994	Haw. App.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Haw. Rev. Stat..
Hawaii Revised Statutes		Haw. Rev. Stat. § x-x (`<year>`)
Michie’s Hawaii Revised Statutes Annotated (LexisNexis)		Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
West’s Hawai'i Revised Statutes Annotated		Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Haw. Sess. Laws.
Session Laws of Hawaii		`<year>` Haw. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
Michie’s Hawaii Revised Statutes Annotated Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Hawai'i Legislative Service		`<year>` Haw. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Code of Hawaii Rules (LexisNexis)		Haw. Code R. § x-x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
Hawaii Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` Haw. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
Idaho
Supreme Court (Idaho): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Idaho Reports	1866–date	Idaho
Court of Appeals (Idaho Ct. App.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1982–date	P.2d, P.3d
Idaho Reports	1982–date	Idaho
Statutory compilations: Cite to Idaho Code (published by LexisNexis).
Idaho Code (LexisNexis)		Idaho Code § x-x (`<year>`)
West’s Idaho Code Annotated		Idaho Code Ann. § x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Idaho Sess. Laws.
Idaho Session Laws		`<year>` Idaho Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
Idaho Code Annotated Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Idaho Code Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Idaho Legislative Service		`<year>` Idaho Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation: http://adminrules.gov/rules/current
Idaho Administrative Code		Idaho Admin. Code r. x.x.x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Idaho Administrative Bulletin		`<vol. no.>` Idaho Admin. Bull. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Illinois
Public domain format: Illinois has adopted a public domain citation format for cases effective July 1, 2011. See Illinois Supreme Court Rule 6. The format is: People v. Doe, 2011 IL 102345 People v. Doe, 2011 IL App (1st) 101234
Supreme Court (Ill.): Cite to N.E., N.E.2d, or N.E.3d.
North Eastern Reporter	1884–date	N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Illinois Official Reports	2011–date	`<year>` IL `<docket no.>`
Illinois Reports
11 Ill. to date	1849–2011	Ill., Ill. 2d
Gilman	1844–1849	e.g., 6 Ill. (1 Gilm.)
Scammon	1832–1843	e.g., 2 Ill. (1 Scam.)
Breese	1819–1831	1 Ill. (Breese)
West's Illinois Decisions	1976–date	Ill. Dec.
Appellate Court (Ill. App. Ct.): Cite to N.E.2d, N.E.3d.
North Eastern Reporter	1936–date	N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Illinois Official Reports	2011–date	`<year>` IL App. (`<court no.>`)
lllinois Appellate Court Reports	1877–2011	Ill. App., Ill. App. 2d, Ill. App. 3d
West’s Illinois Decisions	1976–date	Ill. Dec.
Illinois Circuit Court (Ill. Cir. Ct.), previously Court of Claims (Ill. Ct. Cl.): Cite to Ill. Ct. Cl..
Illinois Court of Claims Reports	1889–date	Ill. Ct. Cl.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Ill. Comp. Stat..
Illinois Compiled Statutes		`<ch. no.>` Ill. Comp. Stat. `<act no.>` / `<sec. no.>` (`<year>`)
West’s Smith-Hurd Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated		`<ch. no.>` Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. `<act no.>` / `<sec. no.>` (West `<year>`)
Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated (LexisNexis)		`<ch. no.>` Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. `<act no.>` / `<sec. no.>` (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Ill. Laws.
Laws of Illinois		`<year>` Ill. Laws `<page no.>`
Illinois Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Ill. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilations: Cite to Ill. Admin. Code.
Illinois Administrative Code		Ill. Admin. Code tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Code of Illinois Rules (LexisNexis)		`<vol. no.>` Ill. Code R. `<rule no.>` (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
Illinois Register		`<vol. no.>` Ill. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Indiana
Supreme Court (Ind.): Cite to N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d.
North Eastern Reporter	1885–date	N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Indiana Reports	1848–1981	Ind.
Blackford	1817–1847	Blackf.
Court of Appeals (Ind. Ct. App.), previously Appellate Court (Ind. App.): Cite to N.E., N.E.2d, or N.E.3d.
North Eastern Reporter	1891–date	N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Indiana Court of Appeals Reports (prior to 1972, Indiana Appellate Court Reports)	1890–1979	Ind. App.
Tax Court (Ind. T.C.): Cite to N.E.2d or N.E.3d.
North Eastern Reporter	1986–date	N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Statutory compilations: Cite to Ind. Code.
Indiana Code		Ind. Code § x-x-x-x (`<year>`)
West’s Annotated Indiana Code		Ind. Code Ann. § x-x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Burns Indiana Statutes Annotated (LexisNexis)		Ind. Code Ann. § x-x-x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Ind. Acts.
Acts, Indiana		`<year>` Ind. Acts `<page no.>`
West’s Indiana Legislative Service		`<year>` Ind. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Burns Indiana Statutes Annotated Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Ind. Stat. Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilations: Cite to Ind. Admin. Code.
Indiana Administrative Code		`<tit. no.>` Ind. Admin. Code `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
West’s Indiana Administrative Code		`<tit. no.>` Ind. Admin. Code `<rule no.>` (West `<year>`)
Administrative register
Indiana Register		`<vol. no.>` Ind. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Iowa
Supreme Court (Iowa): Cite to N.W. or N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1879–date	N.W., N.W.2d
Iowa Reports (Cite to edition published by Clarke for vols. 1–8.)	1855–1968	Iowa
Greene	1847–1854	Greene
Morris	1839–1846	Morris
Bradford	1838–1841	Bradf.
Court of Appeals (Iowa Ct. App.): Cite to N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1977–date	N.W.2d
Statutory compilations: Cite to Iowa Code.
Code of Iowa		Iowa Code § x.x (`<year>`)
West’s Iowa Code Annotated		Iowa Code Ann. § x.x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Iowa Acts.
Acts of the State of Iowa		`<year>` Iowa Acts `<page no.>`
Iowa Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Iowa Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Iowa Administrative Code		Iowa Admin. Code r. x-x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Iowa Administrative Bulletin		`<vol. no.>` Iowa Admin. Bull. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Kansas
Supreme Court (Kan.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Kansas Reports	1862–date	Kan.
McCahon	1858–1868	McCahon
Court of Appeals (Kan. Ct. App.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1895–1901	P.
Pacific Reporter	1977–date	P.2d, P.3d
Kansas Court of Appeals Reports	1895–1901	Kan. App.
Kansas Court of Appeals Reports	1977–date	Kan. App. 2d
Statutory compilations: Cite to Kan. Stat. Ann..
Kansas Statutes Annotated		Kan. Stat. Ann. § x-x (`<year>`)
West’s Kansas Statutes Annotated		Kan. Stat. Ann. § x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Kan. Sess. Laws.
Session Laws of Kansas		`<year>` Kan. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
West’s Kansas Legislative Service		`<year>` Kan. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Kansas Administrative Regulations (updated by supplements)		Kan. Admin. Regs. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Kansas Register		`<vol. no.>` Kan. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Kentucky
Supreme Court (Ky.): before 1976 the Court of Appeals (Ky.) was the highest state court. Cite to S.W., S.W.2d, or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1886–date	S.W., S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Kentucky Reports
78 Ky. to 314 Ky.	1879–1951	Ky.
Bush	1866–1879	e.g., 66 Ky. (3 Bush)
Duvall	1863–1866	e.g., 62 Ky. (1 Duv.)
Metcalf	1858–1863	e.g., 58 Ky. (1 Met.)
Monroe, Ben	1840–1857	e.g., 53 Ky. (14 B. Mon.)
Dana	1833–1840	e.g., 35 Ky. (5 Dana)
Marshall, J.J.	1829–1832	e.g., 27 Ky. (4 J.J. Marsh.)
Monroe, T.B.	1824–1828	e.g., 19 Ky. (3 T.B. Mon.)
Littell	1822–1824	e.g., 13 Ky. (3 Litt.)
Littell’s Selected Cases	1795–1821	e.g., 16 Ky. (1 Litt. Sel. Cas.)
Marshall, A.K.	1817–1821	e.g., 10 Ky. (3 A.K. Marsh.)
Bibb	1808–1817	e.g., 6 Ky. (3 Bibb)
Hardin	1805–1808	3 Ky. (Hard.)
Sneed	1801–1805	2 Ky. (Sneed)
Hughes	1785–1801	1 Ky. (Hughes)
Kentucky Opinions	1864–1886	Ky. Op.
Kentucky Law Reporter	1880–1908	Ky. L. Rptr.
Kentucky Appellate Reporter	1994–2000	Ky. App.
Kentucky Attorneys Memo	2001–2007	Ky. Att’y Memo
Kentucky Law Summary	1966–date	Ky. L. Summ.
Court of Appeals (Ky. Ct. App.) (for decisions before 1976, see Kentucky Supreme Court): Cite to S.W.2d or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1976–date	S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Kentucky Appellate Reporter	1994–2000	Ky. App.
Kentucky Attorneys Memo	2001–2007	Ky. Att’y Memo
Kentucky Law Summary	1966–date	Ky. L. Summ.
Statutory compilations: Cite to one of the following codes.
Baldwin’s Kentucky Revised Statutes Annotated (West)		Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x.x (West `<year>`)
Michie’s Kentucky Revised Statutes Annotated (LexisNexis)		Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x.x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Ky. Acts.
Acts of Kentucky		`<year>` Ky. Acts `<page no.>`
Kentucky Revised Statutes and Rules Service (West)		`<year>` Ky. Rev. Stat. & R. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Michie’s Kentucky Revised Statutes Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Ky. Rev. Stat. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilation
Kentucky Administrative Regulations Service		`<tit. no.>` Ky. Admin. Regs. `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Administrative Register of Kentucky		`<vol. no.>` Ky. Admin. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month year>`)
Louisiana
Public domain citation format: Louisiana has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after December 31, 1993. See Rules of the Supreme Court of Louisiana, part G, section 8. The format is: Smith v. Jones, 93-2345 (La. 7/15/94); 650 So.2d 500 Smith v. Jones, 93-2345 (La. App. 1 Cir. 7/15/94); 660 So.2d 400 Smith v. Jones, 94-2345, p. 7 (La. 7/15/94); 650 So.2d 500, 504
Supreme Court (La.), before 1813 the Superior Court of Louisiana (La.) and the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans (Orleans): Cite to So., So. 2d, or So. 3d.
Southern Reporter	1886–date	So., So. 2d, So. 3d
Louisiana Reports	1901–1972	La.
Louisiana Annual Reports	1846–1900	La. Ann.
Robinson	1841–1846	Rob.
Louisiana Reports	1830–1841	La.
Martin (Louisiana Term Reports)	1809–1830	Mart. (o.s.), Mart. (n.s.)
Court of Appeal (La. Ct. App.): Cite to So., So. 2d, or So. 3d.
Southern Reporter	1928–date	So., So. 2d, So. 3d
Louisiana Court of Appeals Reports	1924–1932	La. App.
Peltier’s Decisions, Parish at Orleans	1917–1924	Pelt.
Teissier, Orleans Court of Appeals	1903–1917	Teiss.
Gunby’s Reports	1885	Gunby
McGloin	1881–1884	McGl.
Statutory compilations: Cite to one of the following codes.
West’s Louisiana Statutes Annotated		La. Stat. Ann. § x:x (`<year>`)
West’s Louisiana Children’s Code Annotated		La. Child. Code Ann. art. x (`<year>`)
West’s Louisiana Civil Code Annotated		La. Civ. Code Ann. art. x (`<year>`)
West’s Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure Annotated		La. Code Civ. Proc. Ann. art. x (`<year>`)
West’s Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Annotated		La. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. x (`<year>`)
West’s Louisiana Code of Evidence Annotated		La. Code Evid. Ann. art. x (`<year>`)
West's Louisiana Constitution Annotated		La. Const. Ann. art. x (`<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to La. Acts.
State of Louisiana: Acts of the Legislature `<year>` La. Acts `<page no.>`
West’s Louisiana Session Law Service		`<year>` La. Sess. Law Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Louisiana Administrative Code		La. Admin. Code tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Louisiana Register		`<vol. no.>` La. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Maine
Public domain citation format: Maine has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after December 31, 1996. See Administrative Order of the Supreme Judicial Court—New Citation Form (Aug. 20, 1996). The format is: Estate of Hoch v. Stifel, 2011 ME 24, 16 A.3d 137 Estate of Hoch v. Stifel, 2011 ME 24, ¶ 11, 16 A.3d 137 Saucier v. State Tax Assessor, 1998 ME 61, 708 A.2d 28
Supreme Judicial Court (Me.): Cite to A., A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1885–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
Maine Reports	1820–1965	Me.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Me. Stat..
West’s Maine Statutes		Me. Stat. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Maine Revised Statutes Annotated (West)		Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Me. Laws.
Laws of the State of Maine		`<year>` Me. Laws `<page no.>`
Maine Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Me. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Code of Maine Rules (LexisNexis)		x-x-x Me. Code R. § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
Maine Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` Me. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
Maryland
Court of Appeals (Md.): Cite to A., A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1885–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
Maryland Reports	1851–date	Md.
Gill	1843–1851	Gill
Gill and Johnson	1829–1842	G. & J.
Harris and Gill	1826–1829	H. & G.
Harris and Johnson	1800–1826	H. & J.
Harris and McHenry	1770–1774 1780–1799	H. & McH.
Court of Special Appeals (Md. Ct. Spec. App.): Cite to A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1967–date	A.2d, A.3d
Maryland Appellate Reports	1967–date	Md. App.
Statutory compilations: Cite by subject to either Michie’s Md. Code Ann. or West’s Md. Code Ann..
Michie’s Annotated Code of Maryland (LexisNexis)		Md. Code Ann., `<subject>` § x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
West’s Annotated Code of Maryland		Md. Code Ann., `<subject>` § x-x (West `<year>`)
Agriculture		Agric.
Business Occupations and Professions		Bus. Occ. & Prof.
Business Regulation		Bus. Reg.
Commercial Law		Com. Law
Constitutions		Const.
Corporations and Associations		Corps. & Ass’ns
Correctional Services		Corr. Servs.
Courts and Judicial Proceedings		Cts. & Jud. Proc.
Criminal Law		Crim. Law
Criminal Procedure		Crim. Proc.
Economic Development		Econ. Dev.
Education		Educ.
Election Law		Elec. Law
Environment		Envir.
Estates and Trusts		Est. & Trusts
Family Law		Fam. Law
Financial Institutions		Fin. Inst.
Health–General		Health–Gen.
Health Occupations		Health Occ.
Housing and Community Development		Hous. & Cmty. Dev.
Human Services		Hum. Servs.
Insurance		Ins.
Labor and Employment		Lab. & Empl.
Land Use		Land Use
Local Government		Local Gov't
Natural Resources		Nat. Res.
Public Safety		Pub. Safety
Public Utility		Pub. Util.
Real Property		Real Prop.
State Finance and Procurement		State Fin. & Proc.
State Government		State Gov’t
State Personnel and Pensions		State Pers. & Pens.
Tax–General		Tax–Gen.
Tax–Property		Tax–Prop.
Transportation		Transp.
Session laws: Cite to Md. Laws.
Laws of Maryland		`<year>` Md. Laws `<page no.>`
Michie’s Annotated Code of Maryland Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Md. Code Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Maryland Legislative Service		`<year>` Md. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Code of Maryland Regulations		Md. Code Regs. `<reg. no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Maryland Register		`<vol. no.>` Md. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Massachusetts
Supreme Judicial Court (Mass.): Cite to N.E., or N.E.2d, N.E.3d..
North Eastern Reporter	1885–date	N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Massachusetts Reports
97 Mass. to date	1867–date	Mass.
Allen	1861–1867	e.g., 83 Mass. (1 Allen)
Gray	1854–1860	e.g., 67 Mass. (1 Gray)
Cushing	1848–1853	e.g., 55 Mass. (1 Cush.)
Metcalf	1840–1847	e.g., 42 Mass. (1 Met.)
Pickering	1822–1839	e.g., 18 Mass. (1 Pick.)
Tyng	1805–1822	e.g., 2 Mass. (1 Tyng)
Williams	1804–1805	1 Mass. (1 Will.)
Appeals Court (Mass. App. Ct.): Cite to N.E.2d, N.E.3d.
North Eastern Reporter	1972–date	N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Massachusetts Appeals Court Reports	1972–date	Mass. App. Ct.
Lower Courts (Mass. Dist. Ct., Bos. Mun. Ct.): Cite to Mass. App. Div., if found there; else cite to Mass. Supp. or Mass. App. Dec..
Reports of Massachusetts	1936–1950	Mass. App. Div.
Appellate Division	1980–date
Massachusetts Reports Supplement	1980–1983	Mass. Supp.
Massachusetts Appellate Decisions	1941–1977	Mass. App. Dec.
Appellate Division Advance Sheets	1975–1979	`<year>` Mass. App. Div. Adv. Sh. `<page no.>`
Statutory compilations: Cite to Mass. Gen. Laws.
General Laws of Massachusetts (Mass. Bar Ass’n/West)		Mass. Gen. Laws ch. x, § x (`<year>`)
Massachusetts General Laws Annotated (West)		Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. x, § x (West `<year>`)
Annotated Laws of Massachusetts (LexisNexis)		Mass. Ann. Laws ch. x, § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Mass. Acts.
Acts and Resolves of Massachusetts		`<year>` Mass. Acts `<page no.>`
Massachusetts Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Mass. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Massachusetts Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Mass. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilations: Cite to official Mass. Code Regs..
Code of Massachusetts Regulations		`<tit. no.>` Mass. Code Regs. `<sec. no.>` (`<year>`)
Code of Massachusetts Regulations (LexisNexis)		`<tit. no.>` Mass. Code Regs. `<sec. no.>` (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
Massachusetts Register		`<iss. no.>` Mass. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Michigan
Supreme Court (Mich.): Cite to N.W. or N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1879–date	N.W., N.W.2d
Michigan Reports	1847–date	Mich.
Douglass	1843–1847	Doug.
Blume, Unreported Opinions	1836–1843	Blume Unrep. Op.
Blume, Supreme Court Transactions	1836–1843	Blume Sup. Ct. Trans.
Court of Appeals (Mich. Ct. App.): Cite to N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1965–date	N.W.2d
Michigan Appeals Reports	1965–date	Mich. App.
Court of Claims (Mich. Ct. Cl.): Cite to Mich. Ct. Cl.
Michigan Court of Claims Reports	1939–1942	Mich. Ct. Cl.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Mich. Comp. Laws.
Michigan Compiled Laws (1979)		Mich. Comp. Laws § x.x (`<year>`)
Michigan Compiled Laws Annotated (West)		Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § x.x (West `<year>`)
Michigan Compiled Laws Service (LexisNexis)		Mich. Comp. Laws Serv. § x.x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Mich. Pub. Acts.
Public and Local Acts of the Legislature of the State of Michigan		`<year>` Mich. Pub. Acts `<page no.>`
Michigan Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Mich. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Michigan Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Mich. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilation
Michigan Administrative Code		Mich. Admin. Code r. x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Michigan Register		`<iss. no.>` Mich. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Minnesota
Supreme Court (Minn.): Cite to N.W. or N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1879–date	N.W., N.W.2d
Minnesota Reports	1851–1977	Minn.
Court of Appeals (Minn. Ct. App.): Cite to N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1983–date	N.W.2d
Statutory compilations: Cite to Minn. Stat..
Minnesota Statutes		Minn. Stat. § x.x (`<year>`)
Minnesota Statutes Annotated (West)		Minn. Stat. Ann. § x.x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Minn. Laws.
Laws of Minnesota		`<year>` Minn. Laws `<page no.>`
Minnesota Session Law Service (West)		`<year>` Minn. Sess. Law Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Minnesota Rules		Minn. R. `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Minnesota State Register		`<vol. no.>` Minn. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Mississippi
Public domain citation format: Mississippi has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after July 1, 1997. See Mississippi Rules of Appellate Procedure, Rule 28(f). The format is: Smith v. Jones, 95-KA-01234-SCT (Miss. 1997) Smith v. Jones, 95-KA-01234-SCT (¶1) (Miss. 1997)
Supreme Court (Miss.): Cite to So., So. 2d, or So. 3d.
Southern Reporter	1886–date	So., So. 2d, So. 3d
Mississippi Reports
23 Miss. to 254 Miss.	1851–1966	Miss.
Smedes and Marshall	1843–1850	e.g., 9 Miss. (1 S. & M.)
Howard	1834–1843	e.g., 2 Miss. (1 Howard)
Walker	1818–1832	1 Miss. (1 Walker)
Mississippi Decisions	1820–1885	Miss. Dec.
Court of Appeals (Miss. Ct. App.): Cite to So. 2d or So. 3d.
Southern Reporter	1995–date	So. 2d, So. 3d
Statutory compilations: Cite to Miss. Code Ann. (published by LexisNexis).
Mississippi Code 1972 Annotated (LexisNexis)		Miss. Code Ann. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West’s Annotated Mississippi Code		Miss. Code Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Miss. Laws.
General Laws of Mississippi		`<year>` Miss. Laws `<page no.>`
Mississippi General Laws Advance Sheets (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Miss. Laws Adv. Sh. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West's Mississippi Legislative Service		`<year>` Miss. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Code of Mississippi Rules (LexisNexis)		`<tit. no.>`-`<ch. no.>` Miss. Code R. § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
Mississippi Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` Miss. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
Missouri
Supreme Court (Mo.): Cite to S.W., S.W.2d, or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1886–date	S.W., S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Missouri Reports	1821–1956	Mo.
Court of Appeals (Mo. Ct. App.): Cite to S.W., S.W.2d, or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1902–date	S.W., S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Missouri Appeals Reports	1876–1954	Mo. App.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Mo. Rev. Stat..
Missouri Revised Statutes		Mo. Rev. Stat. § x.x (`<year>`)
Vernon’s Annotated Missouri Statutes (West)		Mo. Ann. Stat. § x.x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Mo. Laws.
Session Laws of Missouri		`<year>` Mo. Laws `<page no.>`
Missouri Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Mo. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Missouri Code of State Regulations Annotated		Mo. Code Regs. Ann. tit. x, § x-x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Missouri Register		`<vol. no.>` Mo. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Montana
Public domain citation format: Montana has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after December 31, 1997. See: AF 06-0632 (02-25-10) Order In re: Opinion Forms and Citation Standards of the Supreme Court of Montana Adoption of Public Domain and Neutral-Format Citation (Dec. 16, 1997) AF 07-0064 (01-22-09) Order in the Matter of Amending Citations Standards for the Montana Supreme Court The format is: Doe v. Roe, 1998 MT 12, ¶¶ 44-45, 286 Mont. 175, 989 P.2d 1312
Supreme Court (Mont.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Montana Reports	1868–date	Mont.
State Reporter	1945–date	State Rptr.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Mont. Code Ann..
Montana Code Annotated		Mont. Code Ann. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West's Montana Code Annotated		Mont. Code Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws
Laws of Montana		`<year>` Mont. Laws `<page no.>`
Administrative compilation
Administrative Rules of Montana		Mont. Admin. R. `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Montana Administrative Register		`<iss. no.>` Mont. Admin. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Nebraska
Supreme Court (Neb.): Cite to N.W. or N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1879–date	N.W., N.W.2d
Nebraska Reports	1860–date	Neb.
Court of Appeals (Neb. Ct. App.): Cite to N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1992–date	N.W.2d
Nebraska Appellate Reports	1992–date	Neb. App.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Neb. Rev. Stat..
Revised Statutes of Nebraska		Neb. Rev. Stat. § x-x (`<year>`)
Revised Statutes of Nebraska Annotated (LexisNexis)		Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
West's Revised Statutes of Nebraska Annotated		Neb. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Neb. Laws.
Laws of Nebraska		`<year>` Neb. Laws `<page no.>`
West's Nebraska Legislative Service		`<year>` Neb. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Nebraska Administrative Code		`<tit. no.>` Neb. Admin. Code § x-x (`<year>`)
Nevada
Supreme Court (Nev.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Nevada Reports	1865–date	Nev.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Nev. Rev. Stat..
Nevada Revised Statutes		Nev. Rev. Stat. § x.x (`<year>`)
Michie's Nevada Revised Statutes Annotated (LexisNexis)		Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x.x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
West’s Nevada Revised Statutes Annotated		Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x.x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Nev. Stat..
Statutes of Nevada		`<year>` Nev. Stat. `<page no.>`
West’s Nevada Legislative Service		`<year>` Nev. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Nevada Administrative Code		Nev. Admin. Code § x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Nevada Register of Administrative Regulations		`<vol. no.>` Nev. Reg. Admin. Regs. `<reg. no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
New Hampshire
Supreme Court (N.H.): Cite to A., A.2d, or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1885–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
New Hampshire Reports	1816–date	N.H.
Statutory compilations: Cite to N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. (published by West).
New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated (West)		N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x:x (`<year>`)
Lexis New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated		N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x:x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to N.H. Laws or N.H. Legis. Serv..
Laws of the State of New Hampshire (West)		`<year>` N.H. Laws `<page no.>`
New Hampshire Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` N.H. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>`
Lexis New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilations: Cite to N.H. Code Admin. R. Ann..
New Hampshire Code of Administrative Rules Annotated (LexisNexis)		N.H. Code Admin. R. Ann. `<dep't name as abbreviated in Rules>` `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Code of New Hampshire Rules (LexisNexis)		N.H. Code R. `<dep't name as abbreviated in Rules>` `<rule no.>` (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative registers: Cite to N.H. Rulemaking Reg..
New Hampshire Rulemaking Register		`<vol. no.>` N.H. Rulemaking Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
New Hampshire Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` N.H. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
New Jersey
Supreme Court (N.J.), previously Court of Errors and Appeals (N.J.): Cite to A., A.2d, or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1885–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
New Jersey Reports	1948–date	N.J.
New Jersey Law Reports	1790–1948	N.J.L.
New Jersey Equity Reports	1845–1948	N.J. Eq.
New Jersey Miscellaneous Reports	1923–1948	N.J. Misc.
Superior Court (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div., N.J. Super. Ct. Ch. Div., N.J. Super. Ct. Law Div.), previously Court of Chancery (N.J. Ch.), Supreme Court (N.J. Sup. Ct.), and Prerogative Court (N.J. Prerog. Ct.): Cite to A., A.2d, or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1885–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
New Jersey Superior Court Reports	1948–date	N.J. Super.
New Jersey Law Reports	1790–1948	N.J.L.
New Jersey Equity Reports	1830–1948	N.J. Eq.
New Jersey Miscellaneous Reports	1923–1948	N.J. Misc.
County Court (e.g., Essex County Ct.) and other lower courts: Cite to A.2d.
Tax Court (N.J. Tax Ct.): Cite to N.J. Tax.
New Jersey Tax Court Reports	1979–date	N.J. Tax
Statutory compilations: Cite to N.J. Stat. Ann..
New Jersey Statutes Annotated (West)		N.J. Stat. Ann. § x:x (West `<year>`)
New Jersey Revised Statutes (2013)		N.J. Rev. Stat. § x:x (`<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to N.J. Laws.
Laws of New Jersey		`<year>` N.J. Laws `<page no.>`
New Jersey Session Law Service (West)		`<year>` N.J. Sess. Law Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
New Jersey Administrative Code (LexisNexis)		N.J. Admin. Code § x:x-x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
New Jersey Register (LexisNexis)		`<vol. no.>` N.J. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Administrative report
New Jersey Administrative Reports	1979–date	N.J. Admin., N.J. Admin. 2d
New Mexico
Public domain citation format: New Mexico has adopted a public domain citation format for cases effective July 1, 2013. See New Mexico Supreme Court Rule 23-112 (effective June 4, 2004). The format is: Bianco v. Horror One Prods., 2009-NMSC-006, ¶ 10, 145 N.M. 551. Bianco v. Horror One Prods., 2009-NMSC-006, ¶ 10, 145 N.M. 551, 202 P.3d 810. State v. Dickert, 2012-NMCA-004, ¶ 28. State v. Dickert, 2012-NMCA-004, ¶ 28, 268 P.3d 515.
Supreme Court (N.M.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
New Mexico Reports	1852–2012	N.M.
Court of Appeals (N.M. Ct. App.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1967–date	P.2d, P.3d
New Mexico Reports	1967–2012	N.M.
Statutory compilations: Cite to N.M. Stat. Ann..
New Mexico Statutes Annotated 1978 (Conway Greene)		N.M. Stat. Ann. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West’s New Mexico Statutes Annotated		N.M. Stat. Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Michie's Annotated Statutes of New Mexico (LexisNexis)		N.M. Stat. Ann. § x-x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to N.M. Laws.
Laws of the State of New Mexico		`<year>` N.M. Laws `<page no.>`
New Mexico Advance Legislative Service (Conway Greene)		`<year>` N.M. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>`
West's New Mexico Legislative Service		`<year>` N.M. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Code of New Mexico Rules (LexisNexis)		N.M. Code R. § x.x.x.x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
New Mexico Register		`<vol. no.>` N.M. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
New York
Court of Appeals (N.Y.) after 1847: Cite to N.E., N.E.2d, or N.E.3d.
North Eastern Reporter	1885–date	N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d
New York Reports (The first series of N.Y. is reprinted in N.Y.S. and N.Y.S.2d without separate pagination. Do not include a parallel cite to N.Y.S. or N.Y.S.2d in citations to the first series of N.Y.)	1847–date	N.Y., N.Y.2d
West’s New York Supplement	1956–date	N.Y.S.2d
Court for the Correction of Errors (N.Y.) and Supreme Court of Judicature (N.Y. Sup. Ct.) (highest state courts of law before 1847): Cite to one of the following reporters.
Lockwood’s Reversed Cases	1799–1847	Lock. Rev. Cas.
Denio’s Reports	1845–1848	Denio
Hill and Denio Supplement (Lalor)	1842–1844	Hill & Den.
Hill’s Reports	1841–1844	Hill
Edmond’s Select Cases	1834–1853	Edm. Sel. Cas.
Yates’ Select Cases	1809	Yates Sel. Cas.
Anthon’s Nisi Prius Cases	1807–1851	Ant. N.P. Cas.
Wendell’s Reports	1828–1841	Wend.
Cowen’s Reports	1823–1829	Cow.
Johnson’s Reports	1806–1823	Johns.
Caines’ Reports	1803–1805	Cai.
Caines’ Cases	1796–1805	Cai. Cas.
Coleman & Caines’ Cases	1794–1805	Cole. & Cai. Cas.
Johnson’s Cases	1799–1803	Johns. Cas.
Coleman’s Cases	1791–1800	Cole. Cas.
Court of Chancery (N.Y. Ch.) (highest state court of equity before 1848): Cite to one of the following reporters.
Edwards’ Chancery Reports	1831–1850	Edw. Ch.
Barbour’s Chancery Reports	1845–1848	Barb. Ch.
Sandford’s Chancery Reports	1843–1847	Sand. Ch.
Saratoga Chancery Sentinel	1841–1847	Sarat. Ch. Sent.
Paige’s Chancery Reports	1828–1845	Paige Ch.
Clarke’s Chancery Reports	1839–1841	Cl. Ch.
Hoffman’s Chancery Reports	1839–1840	Hoff. Ch.
Hopkins’ Chancery Reports	1823–1826	Hopk. Ch.
Lansing’s Chancery Reports	1824–1826	Lans. Ch.
Johnson’s Chancery Reports	1814–1823	Johns. Ch.
New York Chancery Reports Annotated	1814–1847	N.Y. Ch. Ann.
Supreme Court, Appellate Division (N.Y. App. Div.), previously Supreme Court, General Term (N.Y. Gen. Term): Cite to N.Y.S. or N.Y.S.2d.
West’s New York Supplement	1888–date	N.Y.S., N.Y.S.2d
Appellate Division Reports	1896–date	A.D., A.D.2d, A.D.3d
Supreme Court Reports	1874–1896	N.Y. Sup. Ct.
Lansing’s Reports	1869–1873	Lans.
Barbour’s Supreme Court Reports	1847–1877	Barb.
Other lower courts (e.g., N.Y. App. Term, N.Y. Sup. Ct., N.Y. Ct. Cl., N.Y. Civ. Ct., N.Y. Crim. Ct., N.Y. Fam. Ct.): Cite to N.Y.S. or N.Y.S.2d.
West’s New York Supplement	1888–date	N.Y.S., N.Y.S.2d
New York Miscellaneous Reports	1892–date	Misc., Misc. 2d
Other lower courts before 1888: Cite to one of the following reporters.
Abbott’s New Cases	1876–1894	Abb. N. Cas.
Abbott’s Practice Reports	1854–1875	Abb. Pr., Abb. Pr. (n.s.)
Howard’s Practice Reports	1844–1886	How. Pr., How. Pr. (n.s.)
Statutory compilations: Cite to one of the following sources.
McKinney’s Consolidated Laws of New York Annotated (West)		N.Y. `<subject>` Law § x (McKinney `<year>`)
New York Consolidated Laws Service (LexisNexis)		N.Y. `<subject>` Law § x (Consol. `<year>`)
New York Consolidated Laws Unannotated (LexisNexis)		N.Y. `<subject>` Law § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Abandoned Property		Aband. Prop.
Agricultural Conservation		Agric. Conserv.
Agriculture and Markets		Agric. & Mkts.
Alcoholic Beverage Control		Alco. Bev. Cont.
Alternative County Government		Alt. County Gov’t
Arts and Cultural Affairs		Arts & Cult. Aff.
Banking		Banking
Benevolent Orders		Ben. Ord.
Business Corporation		Bus. Corp.
Canal		Canal
Civil Practice Law and Rules		N.Y. C.P.L.R. `<rule no.>` (McKinney `<year>`)or:N.Y. C.P.L.R. `<rule no.>` (Consol. `<year>`)
Civil Rights		Civ. Rights
Civil Service		Civ. Serv.
Commerce		Com.
Cooperative Corporations		Coop. Corp.
Correction		Correct.
County		County
Criminal Procedure		Crim. Proc.
Debtor and Creditor		Debt. & Cred.
Domestic Relations		Dom. Rel.
Economic Development		Econ. Dev.
Education		Educ.
Elder		Elder
Election		Elec.
Eminent Domain Procedure		Em. Dom. Proc.
Employers’ Liability		Empl’rs Liab.
Energy		Energy
Environmental Conservation		Envtl. Conserv.
Estates, Powers and Trusts		Est. Powers & Trusts
Executive		Exec.
Financial Services		Fin. Serv.
General Associations		Gen. Ass’ns
General Business		Gen. Bus.
General City		Gen. City
General Construction		Gen. Constr.
General Municipal		Gen. Mun.
General Obligations		Gen. Oblig.
Highway		High.
Indian		Indian
Insurance		Ins.
Judiciary		Jud.
Judiciary Court Acts		Jud. Ct. Acts
Labor		Lab.
Legislative		Legis.
Lien		Lien
Limited Liability Company		Ltd. Liab. Co.
Local Finance		Local Fin.
Mental Hygiene		Mental Hyg.
Military		Mil.
Multiple Dwelling		Mult. Dwell.
Multiple Residence		Mult. Resid.
Municipal Home Rule and Statute of Local Governments		Mun. Home Rule
Navigation		Nav.
Not-for-Profit Corporation		Not-for-Profit Corp.
Optional County Government		Opt. Cty. Gov’t
Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation		Parks Rec. & Hist. Preserv.
Partnership		P’ship
Penal		Penal
Personal Property		Pers. Prop.
Private Housing Finance		Priv. Hous. Fin.
Public Authorities		Pub. Auth.
Public Buildings		Pub. Bldgs.
Public Health		Pub. Health
Public Housing		Pub. Hous.
Public Lands		Pub. Lands
Public Officers		Pub. Off.
Public Service		Pub. Serv.
Racing, Pari-Mutuel Wagering and Breeding		Rac. Pari-Mut. Wag. & Breed.
Railroad		R.R.
Rapid Transit		Rapid Trans.
Real Property		Real Prop.
Real Property Actions and Proceedings		Real Prop. Acts.
Real Property Tax		Real Prop. Tax
Religious Corporations		Relig. Corp.
Retirement and Social Security		Retire. & Soc. Sec.
Rural Electric Cooperative		Rural Elec. Coop.
Second Class Cities		Second Class Cities
Social Services		Soc. Serv.
Soil and Water Conservation Districts		Soil & Water Conserv. Dist.
State		State
State Administrative Procedure Act		A.P.A.
State Finance		State Fin.
State Printing and Public Documents		State Print. & Pub. Docs.
State Technology		State Tech.
Statutes		Stat.
Surrogate’s Court Procedure Act		Surr. Ct. Proc. Act
Tax		Tax
Town		Town
Transportation		Transp.
Transportation Corporations		Transp. Corp.
Unconsolidated		Unconsol.
Uniform Commercial Code		U.C.C.
Vehicle and Traffic		Veh. & Traf.
Village		Village
Volunteer Ambulance Workers’ Benefit		Vol. Ambul. Workers’ Ben.
Volunteer Firefighters’ Benefit		Vol. Fire. Ben.
Workers’ Compensation		Workers’ Comp.
Uncompiled laws: Cite to one of the following sources. For the user’s convenience, the McKinney’s volume in which the law appears is indicated parenthetically below.
McKinney’s Consolidated Laws		N.Y. `<law>` § x (McKinney `<year>`)
Consolidated Laws Service		N.Y. `<law>` § x (Consol. `<year>`)
LexisNexis New York Consolidated Laws Unannotated		N.Y. `<law>` § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
New York City Civil Court Act (29A)		City Civ. Ct. Act
New York City Criminal Court Act (29A)		City Crim. Ct. Act
Code of Criminal Procedure (11A)		Code Crim. Proc.
Court of Claims Act (29A)		Ct. Cl. Act
Family Court Act (29A)		Fam. Ct. Act
Uniform City Court Act (29A)		Uniform City Ct. Act
Uniform District Court Act (29A)		Uniform Dist. Ct. Act
Uniform Justice Court Act (29A)		Uniform Just. Ct. Act
Session laws: Cite to official N.Y. Laws, if found there; else, cite to N.Y. Sess. Laws.
Laws of New York		`<year>` N.Y. Laws `<page no.>`
McKinney's Session Laws of New York (West) (McKinney)		`<year>` N.Y. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
New York Consolidated Laws Service		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` N.Y. Consol. Laws Adv.
Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilation
Official Compilation of Codes, Rules & Regulations of the State of New York (West)		N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
New York State Register		`<vol. no.>` N.Y. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
North Carolina
Supreme Court (N.C.): Cite to S.E. or S.E.2d.
South Eastern Reporter	1887–date	S.E., S.E.2d
North Carolina Reports
63 N.C. to date	1868–date	N.C.
Phillips’ Equity	1866–1868	62 N.C. (Phil. Eq.)
Phillips’ Law	1866–1868	61 N.C. (Phil.)
Winston	1863–1864	60 N.C. (Win.)
Jones’ Equity (54–59)	1853–1863	e.g., 54 N.C. (1 Jones Eq.)
Jones’ Law (46–53)	1853–1862	e.g., 46 N.C. (1 Jones)
Busbee’s Equity	1852–1853	45 N.C. (Busb. Eq.)
Busbee’s Law	1852–1853	44 N.C. (Busb.)
Iredell’s Equity (36–43)	1840–1852	e.g., 36 N.C. (1 Ired. Eq.)
Iredell’s Law (23–35)	1840–1852	e.g., 23 N.C. (1 Ired.)
Devereux & Battle’s Equity (21–22)	1834–1839	e.g., 21 N.C. (1 Dev. & Bat. Eq.)
Devereux & Battle’s Law (18–20)	1834–1839	e.g., 20 N.C. (3 & 4 Dev. & Bat.)
Devereux’s Equity (16–17)	1826–1834	e.g., 16 N.C. (1 Dev. Eq.)
Devereux’s Law (12–15)	1826–1834	e.g., 12 N.C. (1 Dev.)
Hawks (8–11)	1820–1826	e.g., 8 N.C. (1 Hawks)
Murphey (5–7)	1804–18131818–1819	e.g., 5 N.C. (1 Mur.)
Taylor’s North Carolina Term Reports	1816–1818	4 N.C. (Taylor)
Carolina Law Repository	1813–1816	4 N.C. (Car. L. Rep.)
Haywood (2–3)	1789–1806	e.g., 2 N.C. (1 Hayw.)
Conference by Cameron & Norwood	1800–1804	1 N.C. (Cam. & Nor.)
Taylor	1798–1802	1 N.C. (Tay.)
Martin	1778–1797	1 N.C. (Mart.)
Court of Appeals (N.C. Ct. App.): Cite to S.E.2d.
South Eastern Reporter	1968–date	S.E.2d
North Carolina Court of Appeals Reports	1968–date	N.C. App.
Statutory compilations: Cite to N.C. Gen. Stat. (published by LexisNexis).
General Statutes of North Carolina (LexisNexis)		N.C. Gen. Stat. § x-x (`<year>`)
West’s North Carolina General Statutes Annotated		N.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to N.C. Sess. Laws.
Session Laws of North Carolina		`<year>` N.C. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
North Carolina `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` N.C. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
North Carolina Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` N.C. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
North Carolina Administrative Code (West)		`<tit. no.>` N.C. Admin. Code `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative register
North Carolina Register (LexisNexis)		`<vol. no.>` N.C. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
North Dakota
Public Domain Citation Format: North Dakota has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after December 31, 1996. See North Dakota Rules of Court, Rule 11.6. The format is: Smith v. Jones, 1997 ND 15 Smith v. Jones, 1997 ND 15, 600 N.W.2d 900 Smith v. Jones, 1997 ND 15, ¶ 21 Smith v. Jones, 1997 ND 15, ¶ 21, 600 N.W.2d 900
Supreme Court (N.D.): Cite to N.W. or N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1890–date	N.W., N.W.2d
North Dakota Reports	1890–1953	N.D.
Supreme Court of Dakota (Dakota): Cite to N.W..
North Western Reporter	1879–1889	N.W.
Dakota Reports	1867–1889	Dakota
Court of Appeals of North Dakota (N.D. Ct. App.): Cite to N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1987–date	N.W.2d
Statutory compilations: Cite to N.D. Cent. Code.
North Dakota Century Code (LexisNexis)		N.D. Cent. Code § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West’s North Dakota Century Code Annotated		N.D. Cent. Code Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to N.D. Laws.
Laws of North Dakota		`<year>` N.D. Laws `<page no.>`
North Dakota Century Code `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` N.D. Cent. Code Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s North Dakota Legislative Service		`<year>` N.D. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
North Dakota Administrative Code		N.D. Admin. Code `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Ohio
Public Domain Citation Format: Ohio has adopted a public domain citation format for cases decided after April 30, 2002. See Supreme Court of Ohio Writing Manual (2d ed. 2013). The format is: Bonacorsi v. Wheeling & Lake Erie Ry. Co., 95 Ohio St.3d 314, 2002-Ohio-2220, 767 N.E.2d 707, ¶ 15 Bowling Green v. Godwin, 110 Ohio St.3d 58, 2006-Ohio-3563, 850 N.E.2d 698, ¶ 13, fn. 1 Byer v. Wright, 160 Ohio App.3d 472, 2005-Ohio-1797, 827 N.E.2d 835 (11th Dist.)
Supreme Court (Ohio): Cite to N.E., N.E.2d, or N.E.3d.
North Eastern Reporter	1885–date	N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Ohio State Reports	1852–date	Ohio St., Ohio St. 2d, Ohio St. 3d
Ohio Reports	1821–1851	Ohio
Wilcox’s Condensed Reports	1821–1831	Wilc. Cond. Rep.
Wright	1831–1834	Wright
Ohio Unreported Cases	1809–1899	Ohio Unrep. Cas.
Court of Appeals (Ohio Ct. App.): Cite to N.E., N.E.2d, or N.E.3d.
North Eastern Reporter	1926–date	N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Ohio Appellate Reports	1913–date	Ohio App., Ohio App. 2d, Ohio App. 3d
Ohio Circuit Court Reports	1914–1917	Ohio C.C.
Ohio Courts of Appeals Reports	1916–1922	Ohio Ct. App.
Other law courts: Cite to N.E., N.E.2d, or N.E.3d, if found there; else, cite to another reporter in the following order of preference.
North Eastern Reporter	1926–date	N.E., N.E.2d, N.E.3d
Ohio Miscellaneous Reports	1962–2012	Ohio Misc., Ohio Misc. 2d
Ohio Bar Reports	1982–1987	Ohio B.
Ohio Opinions	1934–1982	Ohio Op., Ohio Op. 2d, Ohio Op. 3d
Ohio Law Abstract	1922–1964	Ohio Law Abs.
Ohio Nisi Prius Reports	1903–1934	Ohio N.P., Ohio N.P. (n.s.)
Ohio Decisions	1894–1921	Ohio Dec.
Ohio Decisions, Reprint	1840–1893	Ohio Dec. Reprint
Ohio Circuit Decisions	1885–1923	Ohio Cir. Dec.
Ohio Circuit Court Decisions	1901–1923	e.g., 13-23 Ohio C.C. Dec.
Ohio Circuit Court Reports	1885–1901	Ohio C.C.
Ohio Law Bulletin	1876–1921	Ohio L. Bull.
Ohio Circuit Court Reports, New Series	1903–1917	Ohio C.C. (n.s.)
Ohio Law Reporter	1903–1934	Ohio L.R.
Tappen’s Reports	1816–1819	Tapp. Rep.
Anderson’s Unreported Ohio Appellate Cases	1990	Ohio App. Unrep.
Statutory compilations: Cite to one of the following codes.
Page’s Ohio Revised Code Annotated (LexisNexis)		Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § x.x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Baldwin’s Ohio Revised Code Annotated (West)		Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § x.x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Ohio Laws.
State of Ohio: Legislative Acts Passed and Joint Resolutions Adopted `<year>` Ohio Laws `<page no.>`
Page’s Ohio Legislative Bulletin (LexisNexis)		`<year>` Ohio Legis. Bull. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Baldwin’s Ohio Legislative Service Annotated (West)		`<year>` Ohio Legis. Serv. Ann. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Baldwin's Ohio Administrative Code (West)		Ohio Admin. Code `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative and executive registers: Cite to one of the following registers.
Baldwin's Ohio Monthly Record	1977–date	Ohio Monthly Rec. `<page no.>` (`<month year>`)
Ohio Government Reports	1965–1976	Ohio Gov’t `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Ohio Department Reports	1914–1964	Ohio Dep’t `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Oklahoma
Public domain citation format: Oklahoma has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after May 1, 1997. See Oklahoma Supreme Court Rule 1.200(f) and Oklahoma Criminal Appeals Rule 3.5(c). The format is: Skinner v. Braum’s Ice Cream Store, 1995 OK 11, 890 P.2d 922 Skinner v. Braum’s Ice Cream Store, 1995 OK 11, ¶9, 890 P.2d 922 Hunter v. State, 1953 OK CR 155, 97 Okl.Cr. 402, 264 P.2d 997 Robinson v. State, 1997 OK CR 24, ¶ 3, 68 OBJ 1379, 1381
Supreme Court (Okla.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1890–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Oklahoma Reports	1890–1953	Okla.
Court of Appeals of Indian Territory (Indian Terr.): Cite to S.W..
South Western Reporter	1896–1907	S.W.
Indian Territory Reports	1896–1907	Indian Terr.
Court of Criminal Appeals (Okla. Crim. App.), before 1959 Criminal Court of Appeals (Okla. Crim. App.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1908–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Oklahoma Criminal Reports	1908–1953	Okla. Crim.
Court of Civil Appeals (Okla. Civ. App.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1971–date	P.2d, P.3d
Statutory compilations: Cite to Okla. Stat..
Oklahoma Statutes (West)		Okla. Stat. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Oklahoma Statutes Annotated (West)		Okla. Stat. Ann. tit. x, § x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Okla. Sess. Laws.
Oklahoma Session Laws (West)		`<year>` Okla. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
Oklahoma Session Law Service (West)		`<year>` Okla. Sess. Law Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Oklahoma Administrative Code		Okla. Admin. Code § x:x-x-x (`<year>`)
Administrative registers: Cite to one of the following sources.
Oklahoma Register 1983–date		`<vol. no.>` Okla. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Oklahoma Gazette 1962–1983		`<vol. no.>` Okla. Gaz. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Oregon
Supreme Court (Or.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Oregon Reports	1853–date	Or.
Court of Appeals (Or. Ct. App.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1969–date	P.2d, P.3d
Oregon Reports, Court of Appeals	1969–date	Or. App.
Tax Court (Or. T.C.): Cite to Or. Tax.
Oregon Tax Reports	1962–date	Or. Tax
Statutory compilations: Cite to Or. Rev. Stat..
Oregon Revised Statutes		Or. Rev. Stat. § x.x (`<year>`)
West’s Oregon Revised Statutes Annotated		Or. Rev. Stat. Ann. § x.x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Or. Laws. When citing statutes repealed during or after 1953, indicate parenthetically the former Or. Rev. Stat. sections.
Oregon Laws and Resolutions		`<year>` Or. Laws `<page no.>`
		`<year>` Or. Laws Spec. Sess. `<page no.>`
		`<year>` Or. Laws Adv. Sh. No. x, `<page no.>`
West’s Oregon Legislative Service		`<year>` Or. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Oregon Administrative Rules		Or. Admin. R. `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Oregon Bulletin		`<vol. no.>` Or. Bull. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Pennsylvania
Supreme Court (Pa.): Cite to A., A.2d, or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1885–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
Pennsylvania State Reports	1845–date	Pa.
Monaghan	1888–1890	Monag.
Sadler	1885–1889	Sadler
Walker	1855–1885	Walk.
Pennypacker	1881–1884	Pennyp.
Grant	1814–1863	Grant
Watts and Sergeant	1841–1845	Watts & Serg.
Wharton	1835–1841	Whart.
Watts	1832–1840	Watts
Rawle	1828–1835	Rawle
Penrose and Watts	1829–1832	Pen. & W.
Sergeant and Rawle	1814–1828	Serg. & Rawle
Binney	1799–1814	Binn.
Yeates	1791–1808	Yeates
Addison	1791–1799	Add.
Dallas	1754–1806	Dall.
Alden	1754–1814	Ald.
Superior Court (Pa. Super. Ct.): Cite to A., A.2d, or A.3d. For cases decided after December 31, 1998, use the following public domain citation format: Jones v. Smith, 1999 PA Super 1
Atlantic Reporter	1931–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
Pennsylvania Superior Court Reports	1895–1997	Pa. Super.
Commonwealth Court (Pa. Commw. Ct.): Cite to A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1970–date	A.2d, A.3d
Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court Reports	1970–1994	Pa. Commw.
Other lower courts: Cite to Pa. D. & C., Pa. D. & C.2d, Pa. D. & C.3d, Pa. D. & C.4th, or Pa. D. & C.5th. Not all lower court decisions are reproduced in the reporters listed below, and it may be necessary, on occasion, to cite to the legal reporter for an individual county, if available. For a comprehensive list of Pennsylvania county court reports, consult chapter seven, appendix four, Frank Y. Liu et al., Pennsylvania Legal Research Handbook (2008).
Pennsylvania District and County Reports	1918–date	Pa. D. & C., Pa. D. & C.2d, Pa. D. & C.3d, Pa. D. & C.4th, Pa. D. & C.5th
Pennsylvania District Reports	1892–1921	Pa. D.
Pennsylvania County Court Reports	1870–1921	Pa. C.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Pa. Cons. Stat. (79 titles). These publications should not be confused with Pa. Code, which is a code of regulations, not of legislation.
Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes		`<tit. no.>` Pa. Cons. Stat. § x (`<year>`)
Purdon’s Pennsylvania Statutes and Consolidated Statutes Annotated (West)		`<tit. no.>` Pa. Stat. and Cons. Stat. Ann. § x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Pa. Laws.
Laws of Pennsylvania		`<year>` Pa. Laws `<page no.>`
Purdon’s Pennsylvania Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Pa. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Pennsylvania Code (Fry Communications)		`<tit. no.>` Pa. Code § x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Pennsylvania Bulletin (Fry Communications)		`<vol. no.>` Pa. Bull. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Rhode Island
Supreme Court (R.I.): Cite to A., A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1885–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
Rhode Island Reports	1828–1980	R.I.
Statutory compilations: Cite to R.I. Gen. Laws.
General Laws of Rhode Island (LexisNexis)		`<tit. no.>` R.I. Gen. Laws § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West’s General Laws of Rhode Island Annotated		`<tit. no.>` R.I. Gen. Laws Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to R.I. Pub. Laws.
Public Laws of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations		`<year>` R.I. Pub. Laws `<page no.>`
Acts and Resolves of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations		`<year>` R.I. Acts & Resolves `<page no.>`
Rhode Island Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` R.I. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Rhode Island Advance Legislative Service		`<year>` R.I. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Code of Rhode Island Rules (LexisNexis)		`<tit. no.>`-`<ch. no.>` R.I. Code R. § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
Rhode Island Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` R.I. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
South Carolina
Supreme Court after 1868 (S.C.): Cite to S.E. or S.E.2d.
South Eastern Reporter	1887–date	S.E., S.E.2d
South Carolina Reports	1868–date	S.C.
Court of Appeals (S.C. Ct. App.): Cite to S.E.2d.
South Eastern Reporter	1983–date	S.E.2d
South Carolina Reports	1983–date	S.C.
Courts of law before 1868: Cite to South Carolina Law Reports (S.C.L.)
Richardson (37–49)	1850–1868	e.g., 37 S.C.L. (3 Rich.)
Strobhart (32–36)	1846–1850	e.g., 32 S.C.L. (1 Strob.)
Richardson (30–31)	1844–1846	e.g., 30 S.C.L. (1 Rich.)
Speers (28–29)	1842–1844	e.g., 28 S.C.L. (1 Speers)
McMullan (26–27)	1840–1842	e.g., 26 S.C.L. (1 McMul.)
Cheves	1839–1840	25 S.C.L. (Chev.)
Rice	1838–1839	24 S.C.L. (Rice)
Dudley	1837–1838	23 S.C.L. (Dud.)
Riley	1836–1837	22 S.C.L. (Ril.)
Hill (19–21)	1833–1837	e.g., 19 S.C.L. (1 Hill)
Bailey (17–18)	1828–1832	e.g., 17 S.C.L. (1 Bail.)
Harper	1823–1824	16 S.C.L. (Harp.)
McCord (12–15)	1821–1828	e.g., 12 S.C.L. (1 McCord)
Nott and McCord (10–11)	1817–1820	e.g., 10 S.C.L. (1 Nott & McC.)
Mill (Constitutional) (8–9)	1817–1818	e.g., 8 S.C.L. (1 Mill)
Treadway (6–7)	1812–1816	e.g., 6 S.C.L. (1 Tread.)
Brevard (3–5)	1793–1816	e.g., 3 S.C.L. (1 Brev.)
Bay (1–2)	1783–1804	e.g., 1 S.C.L. (1 Bay)
Courts of equity before 1868: Cite to South Carolina Equity Reports (S.C. Eq.)
Richardson’s Equity (24–35)	1850–1868	e.g., 24 S.C. Eq. (3 Rich. Eq.)
Strobhart’s Equity (20–23)	1846–1850	e.g., 20 S.C. Eq. (1 Strob. Eq.)
Richardson’s Equity (18–19)	1844–1846	e.g., 18 S.C. Eq. (1 Rich. Eq.)
Speers’ Equity	1842–1844	17 S.C. Eq. (Speers Eq.)
McMullan’s Equity	1840–1842	16 S.C. Eq. (McMul. Eq.)
Cheves’ Equity	1839–1840	15 S.C. Eq. (Chev. Eq.)
Rice’s Equity	1838–1839	14 S.C. Eq. (Rice Eq.)
Dudley’s Equity	1837–1838	13 S.C. Eq. (Dud. Eq.)
Riley’s Chancery	1836–1837	12 S.C. Eq. (Ril. Eq.)
Hill’s Chancery (10–11)	1833–1837	e.g., 10 S.C. Eq. (1 Hill Eq.)
Richardson’s Cases	1831–1832	9 S.C. Eq. (Rich. Cas.)
Bailey’s Equity	1830–1831	8 S.C. Eq. (Bail. Eq.)
McCord’s Chancery (6–7)	1825–1827	e.g., 6 S.C. Eq. (1 McCord Eq.)
Harper’s Equity	1824	5 S.C. Eq. (Harp. Eq.)
Desaussure’s Equity (1–4)	1784–1817	e.g., 1 S.C. Eq. (1 Des. Eq.)
Statutory compilation
Code of Laws of South Carolina 1976 Annotated		S.C. Code Ann. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Session laws
Acts and Joint Resolutions, South Carolina		`<year>` S.C. Acts `<page no.>`
Administrative compilation: Administrative regulations appear in volumes 1–10 of S.C. Code Ann. This publication should not be confused with the statutory compilation of the same name, which also contains volumes 1–10.
Code of Laws of South Carolina 1976 Annotated:Code of Regulations (West)		S.C. Code Ann. Regs. `<reg no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative register
South Carolina State Register		`<vol. no.>` S.C. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
South Dakota
Public domain citation format: South Dakota has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after December 31, 1996. See South Dakota Rules of Civil Procedure § 15-26A-69.1 and Supreme Court Rule 10-05. The format is: Smith v. Jones, 1996 S.D. 15, 600 N.W. 2d 900 Smith v. Jones, 1996 S.D. 15, ¶ 21, 500 N.W.2d 900, 901
Supreme Court (S.D.): Cite to N.W. or N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1890–date	N.W., N.W.2d
South Dakota Reports	1890–1976	S.D.
Supreme Court of Dakota (Dakota): Cite to N.W..
North Western Reporter	1879–1889	N.W.
Dakota Reports	1867–1889	Dakota
Statutory compilation
South Dakota Codified Laws (West)		S.D. Codified Laws § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to S.D. Sess. Laws.
Session Laws of South Dakota		`<year>` S.D. Sess. Laws `<ch. x § x>` `<page no.>`
Administrative compilation
Administrative Rules of South Dakota		S.D. Admin. R. `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative register
South Dakota Register		`<vol. no.>` S.D. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Tennessee
Supreme Court (Tenn.): Cite to S.W., S.W.2d, or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1886–date	S.W., S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Tennessee Reports
60 Tenn. to 225 Tenn.	1872–1972	Tenn.
Heiskell	1870–1874	e.g., 48 Tenn. (1 Heisk.)
Coldwell	1860–1870	e.g., 41 Tenn. (1 Cold.)
Head	1858–1860	e.g., 38 Tenn. (1 Head)
Sneed	1853–1858	e.g., 33 Tenn. (1 Sneed)
Swan	1851–1853	e.g., 31 Tenn. (1 Swan)
Humphreys	1839–1851	e.g., 20 Tenn. (1 Hum.)
Meigs	1838–1839	19 Tenn. (Meigs)
Yerger	1818–1837	e.g., 9 Tenn. (1 Yer.)
Martin & Yerger	1825–1828	8 Tenn. (Mart. & Yer.)
Peck	1821–1824	7 Tenn. (Peck)
Haywood	1816–1818	e.g., 4 Tenn. (1 Hayw.)
Cooke	1811–1814	3 Tenn. (Cooke)
Overton	1791–1815	e.g., 1 Tenn. (1 Overt.)
Court of Appeals (Tenn. Ct. App.): Cite to S.W.2d or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1932–date	S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Tennessee Appeals Reports	1925–1971	Tenn. App.
Court of Criminal Appeals (Tenn. Crim. App.): Cite to S.W.2d or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1967–date	S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Tennessee Criminal Appeals Reports	1967–1971	Tenn. Crim. App.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Tenn. Code Ann. (published by LexisNexis).
Tennessee Code Annotated (LexisNexis)		Tenn. Code Ann. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West's Tennessee Code Annotated		Tenn. Code Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Tenn. Pub. Acts or Tenn. Priv. Acts.
Public Acts of the State of Tennessee		`<year>` Tenn. Pub. Acts `<page no.>`
Private Acts of the State of Tennessee		`<year>` Tenn. Priv. Acts `<page no.>`
Tennessee Code Annotated Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Tenn. Code Ann. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Tennessee Legislative Service		`<year>` Tenn. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Official Compilation Rules & Regulations of the State of Tennessee		Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. `<rule no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Tennessee Administrative Register		`<vol. no.>` Tenn. Admin. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month year>`)
Texas
Supreme Court (Tex.): Cite to S.W., S.W.2d, or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1886–date	S.W., S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Texas Reports	1846–1962	Tex.
Synopses of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Texas Arising from Restraints by Conscript and Other Military Authorities (Robards)	1862–1865	Robards (no vol. number)
Texas Law Review (containing previously unpublished cases from the 1845 term)	1845–1846	65 Tex. L. Rev.
Digest of the Laws of Texas (Dallam’s Opinions)	1840–1844	Dallam (no vol. number)
Texas Supreme Court Journal	1957–date	Tex. Sup. Ct. J.
Court of Criminal Appeals (Tex. Crim. App.), previously Court of Appeals (Tex. Ct. App.): Cite to S.W., S.W.2d, or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1892–date	S.W., S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Texas Criminal Reports	1892–1962	Tex. Crim.
Texas Court of Appeals Reports	1876–1892	Tex. Ct. App.
Condensed Reports of Decisions in Civil Causes in the Court of Appeals (White & Willson vol. 1) (Willson vols. 2–4)	1876–18831883–1892	White & W. Willson
Commission of Appeals (Tex. Comm’n App.): Cite to S.W. or S.W.2d.
South Western Reporter	1886–1892	S.W.
	1918–1945	S.W.2d
Texas Reports	1879–18921918–1945	Tex.
Texas Unreported Cases (Posey)	1879–1884	Posey
Condensed Reports of Decisions in Civil Causes in the Court of Appeals (White & Willson)	1879–1883	White & W.
Officially published opinions of the Commission of Appeals from 1879 to 1892 were adopted by the Supreme Court and should be cited as opinions of the Supreme Court. Opinions of the Commission of Appeals from 1918 to 1945 have a notation from the Supreme Court that usually appears in the final paragraph of the opinion, e.g., “opinion adopted,” “holding approved,” or “judgment adopted.” Commission opinions that were adopted by the Supreme Court should be cited as opinions of the Supreme Court. “Holding approved” and “judgment adopted” opinions are cited by using “holding approved” or “judgm’t adopted.”
Courts of Appeals (Tex. App.), previously Courts of Civil Appeals (Tex. Civ. App.): Cite to S.W., S.W.2d, or S.W.3d.
South Western Reporter	1892–date	S.W., S.W.2d, S.W.3d
Texas Civil Appeals Reports	1892–1911	Tex. Civ. App.
For additional information on the history and structure of Texas courts and on local citation rules, the following sources are suggested: Texas Law Review Ass’n, The Greenbook: Texas Rules of Form (12th ed. 2010); Lydia M.V. Brandt, Texas Legal Research (1995); and A Reference Guide to Texas Law and Legal History (Karl T. Gruben & James E. Hambleton eds., 2d ed. 1987).
Statutory compilations: Texas is nearing the completion of a recodification of its laws. Cite to the new subject-matter Tex. Code Ann., if found there; else, cite to Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. or to one of the independent codes contained in the series Vernon’s Texas Civil Statutes or Vernon’s Texas Statutes Annotated. Note that the independent codes are not part of the new subject-matter Tex. Code Ann.
Vernon’s Texas Codes Annotated (West)		Tex. `<Subject>` Code Ann. § x (West `<year>`)
Vernon’s Texas Revised Civil Statutes Annotated (West)		Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. Ann. art. x, § x (West `<year>`)
Vernon’s Texas Business Corporation Act Annotated (West)		Tex. Bus. Corp. Act Ann. art. x (West `<year>`)
Vernon’s Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Annotated (West)		Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. x (West `<year>`)
Vernon’s Texas Insurance Code Annotated (West)		Tex. Ins. Code Ann. art. x (West `<year>`)
Vernon’s Texas Probate Code Annotated (West)		Tex. Prob. Code Ann. § x (West `<year>`)
Agriculture		Agric.
Alcoholic Beverage		Alco. Bev.
Business and Commerce		Bus. & Com.
Business Organizations (effective Jan. 1, 2006)		Bus. Orgs.
Civil Practice and Remedies		Civ. Prac. & Rem.
Education		Educ.
Election		Elec.
Estates		Est.
Family		Fam.
Finance		Fin.
Government		Gov’t
Health and Safety		Health & Safety
Human Resources		Hum. Res.
Insurance		Ins.
Labor		Lab.
Local Government		Loc. Gov’t
Natural Resources		Nat. Res.
Occupations		Occ.
Parks and Wildlife		Parks & Wild.
Penal		Penal
Property		Prop.
Special District Local Laws		Spec. Dists.
Tax		Tax
Transportation		Transp.
Utilities		Util.
Water		Water
Session laws: Cite to Tex. Gen. Laws.
General and Special Laws of the State of Texas		`<year>` Tex. Gen. Laws `<page no.>`
Vernon’s Texas Session Law Service (West)		`<year>` Tex. Sess. Law Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Laws of the Republic of Texas		`<year>` Repub. Tex. Laws `<page no.>`
Session laws passed before 1941 must be cited according to the exact title, e.g., Tex. Loc. & Spec. Laws, Tex. Gen. & Spec. Laws, and Tex. Gen. Laws. The Revised Statutes were enacted and published separately in 1879, 1895, 1911, and 1925 and should be cited as `<year>` Tex. Rev. Civ. Stat. xxx. The Code of Criminal Procedure and Penal Code were enacted and published separately in 1856, 1879, 1895, 1911, and 1925 and should be cited as `<year>` Tex. Crim. Stat. xxx.
Administrative compilation
Texas Administrative Code (West)		`<tit. no.>` Tex. Admin. Code § x.x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Texas Register (LexisNexis)		`<vol. no.>` Tex. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Utah
Public domain citation format: Utah has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after December 31, 1998. See Utah Supreme Court Standing Order No. 4 (effective Jan. 18, 2000). The format is: Smith v. Jones, 1999 UT 16. (Before publication in Utah Advanced Reports) Smith v. Jones, 1999 UT App 16. Smith v. Jones, 1999 UT 16, 380 Utah Adv. Rep. 24. (Before publication in Pacific Reporter but after publication in Utah Advance Reports) Smith v. Jones, 1999 UT App 16, 380 Utah Adv. Rep. 24. Smith v. Jones, 1999 UT 16, 998 P.2d 250. (After publication in Pacific Reporter) Smith v. Jones, 1999 UT App 16, 998 P.2d 250.
Supreme Court (Utah): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1881–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Utah Reports	1873–1974	Utah, Utah 2d
Court of Appeals (Utah Ct. App.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1987–date	P.2d, P.3d
Statutory compilations: Cite to one of the following codes.
Utah Code Annotated (LexisNexis)		Utah Code Ann. § x-x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
West’s Utah Code Annotated		Utah Code Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Utah Laws.
Laws of Utah		`<year>` Utah Laws `<page no.>`
Utah Code `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Utah Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Utah Legislative Service (West)		`<year>` Utah. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Utah Administrative Code		Utah Admin. Code r. x-x-x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Utah State Bulletin		`<iss. no.>` Utah Bull. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Vermont
Public domain citation format: Vermont has adopted a public domain citation format for cases after December 31, 2002. See Vt. R. App. P. 28.2. The format is: Smith v. Jones, 2001 VT 1, ¶ 12, 169 Vt. 203, 850 A.2d 421
Supreme Court (Vt.): Cite to A., A.2d or A.3d.
Atlantic Reporter	1885–date	A., A.2d, A.3d
Vermont Reports	1826–date	Vt.
Aikens	1825–1828	Aik.
Chipman, D.	1789–1824	D. Chip.
Brayton	1815–1819	Brayt.
Tyler	1800–1803	Tyl.
Chipman, N.	1789–1791	N. Chip.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Vt. Stat. Ann. (published by LexisNexis), if found there
Vermont Statutes Annotated (LexisNexis)		Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
West’s Vermont Statutes Annotated		Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. x, § x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Vt. Acts & Resolves.
Acts and Resolves of Vermont		`<year>` Vt. Acts & Resolves `<page no.>`
Vermont `<year>` Advance Legislative Service(LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Vt. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Vermont Legislative Service		`<year>` Vt. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Code of Vermont Rules (LexisNexis)		`<tit. no.>`-`<ch. no.>` Vt. Code R. § x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Vermont Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` Vt. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
Virginia
Supreme Court (Va.), previously Supreme Court of Appeals (Va.): Cite to S.E. or S.E.2d.
South Eastern Reporter	1887–date	S.E., S.E.2d
Virginia Reports
75 Va. to date	1880–date	Va.
Grattan	1844–1880	e.g., 42 Va. (1 Gratt.)
Robinson	1842–1844	e.g., 40 Va. (1 Rob.)
Leigh	1829–1842	e.g., 28 Va. (1 Leigh)
Randolph	1821–1828	e.g., 22 Va. (1 Rand.)
Gilmer	1820–1821	21 Va. (Gilmer)
Munford	1810–1820	e.g., 15 Va. (1 Munf.)
Hening & Munford	1806–1810	e.g., 11 Va. (1 Hen. & M.)
Call	1779–1825	e.g., 5 Va. (1 Call)
Virginia Cases, Criminal	1789–1826	e.g., 3 Va. (1 Va. Cas.)
Washington	1790–1796	e.g., 1 Va. (1 Wash.)
Court of Appeals (Va. Ct. App.): Cite to S.E.2d.
South Eastern Reporter	1985–date	S.E.2d
Virginia Court of Appeals Reports	1985–date	Va. App.
Circuit Court (Va. Cir. Ct.): Cite to Va. Cir.
Virginia Circuit Court Opinions	1957–date	Va. Cir.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Va. Code Ann. (published by LexisNexis).
Code of Virginia 1950 Annotated (LexisNexis)		Va. Code Ann. § x-x (`<year>`)
West’s Annotated Code of Virginia		Va. Code Ann. § x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Va. Acts.
Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia		`<year>` Va. Acts `<page no.>`
Virginia `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` Va. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s Virginia Legislative Service		`<year>` Va. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Virginia Administrative Code (West)		`<tit. no.>` Va. Admin. Code § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Virginia Register of Regulations (LexisNexis)		`<vol. no.>` Va. Reg. Regs. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Washington
Supreme Court (Wash.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1880–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Washington Reports	1889–date	Wash., Wash. 2d
Washington Territory Reports	1854–1888	Wash. Terr.
Court of Appeals (Wash. Ct. App.): Cite to P.2d or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1969–date	P.2d, P.3d
Washington Appellate Reports	1969–date	Wash. App.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Wash. Rev. Code.
Revised Code of Washington		Wash. Rev. Code § x.x.x (`<year>`)
West's Revised Code of Washington Annotated		Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § x.x.x (West `<year>`)
Annotated Revised Code of Washington (LexisNexis)		Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § x.x.x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Wash. Sess. Laws.
Session Laws of Washington		`<year>` Wash. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
West’s Washington Legislative Service		`<year>` Wash. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Washington Administrative Code		Wash. Admin. Code § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Washington State Register		`<iss. no.>` Wash. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
West Virginia
Supreme Court of Appeals (W. Va.): Cite to S.E. or S.E.2d.
South Eastern Reporter	1886–date	S.E., S.E.2d
West Virginia Reports	1864–date	W. Va.
Statutory compilations: Cite to W. Va. Code.
West Virginia Code		W. Va. Code § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Michie’s West Virginia Code Annotated (LexisNexis)		W. Va. Code Ann. § x-x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
West’s Annotated Code of West Virginia		W. Va. Code Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to W. Va. Acts.
Acts of the Legislature of West Virginia		`<year>` W. Va. Acts `<page no.>`
West Virginia `<year>` Advance Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` W. Va. Adv. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
West’s West Virginia Legislative Service		`<year>` W. Va. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>`
Administrative compilation
West Virginia Code of State Rules		W. Va. Code R. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
West Virginia Register		`<vol. no.>` W. Va. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Wisconsin
Public domain citation format: Wisconsin has adopted a public domain citation format for cases decided after December 31, 1999. See Wisconsin Supreme Court Rule 80. The format is: Smith v. Jones, 2000 WI 14, ¶6 Smith v. Jones, 214 Wis. 2d 408, ¶12 Doe v. Roe, 2001 WI App 9, ¶17 Doe v. Roe, 595 N.W.2d 346, ¶27
Supreme Court (Wis.): Cite to N.W. or N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1879–date	N.W., N.W.2d
Wisconsin Reports	1853–date	Wis., Wis. 2d
Pinney	1839–1852	Pin.
Chandler	1849–1852	Chand.
Burnett	1842–1843	Bur.
Burnett (bound with session laws for Dec. 1841)	1841	Bur.
Court of Appeals (Wis. Ct. App.): Cite to N.W.2d.
North Western Reporter	1978–date	N.W.2d
Wisconsin Reports	1978–date	Wis. 2d
Statutory compilations: Cite to Wis. Stat..
Wisconsin Statutes		Wis. Stat. § x.x (`<year>`)
West’s Wisconsin Statutes Annotated		Wis. Stat. Ann. § x.x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Wis. Sess. Laws.
Wisconsin Session Laws		`<year>` Wis. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
West’s Wisconsin Legislative Service		`<year>` Wis. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Wisconsin Administrative Code		Wis. Admin. Code `<agency abbreviation>` § x-x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Wisconsin Administrative Register		`<iss. no.>` Wis. Admin. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Wyoming
Public domain citation format: Wyoming has adopted a public domain citation format for cases decided after December 31, 2003. See Order Amending Citation Format (Aug. 19, 2005). The format is: Doe v. Roe, 2001 WY 12 Doe v. Roe, 2001 WY 12, 989 P.2d 1312 (Wyo. 2001)
Supreme Court (Wyo.): Cite to P., P.2d, or P.3d.
Pacific Reporter	1883–date	P., P.2d, P.3d
Wyoming Reports	1870–1959	Wyo.
Statutory compilations: Cite to Wyo. Stat. Ann. (published by LexisNexis).
Wyoming Statutes Annotated (LexisNexis)		Wyo. Stat. Ann. § x-x-x (`<year>`)
West’s Wyoming Statutes Annotated		Wyo. Stat. Ann. § x-x-x (West `<year>`)
Session laws: Cite to Wyo. Sess. Laws.
Session Laws of Wyoming		`<year>` Wyo. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
West’s Wyoming Legislative Service		`<year>` Wyo. Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (West)
Administrative compilation
Code of Wyoming Rules (LexisNexis)		`<tit. no.>`-`<ch. no.>` Wyo. Code R. § x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
Wyoming Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` Wyo. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)
American Samoa
High Court of American Samoa (Am. Samoa): Cite to Am. Samoa, Am. Samoa 2d, or Am. Samoa 3d.
American Samoa Reports	1900–date	Am. Samoa, Am. Samoa 2d, Am. Samoa 3d
Statutory compilation
American Samoa Code Annotated		Am. Samoa Code Ann. § x (`<year>`)
Administrative compilation
American Samoa Administrative Code		Am. Samoa Admin. Code § x (`<year>`)
Canal Zone
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (E.D. La.): This court has jurisdiction over litigation pending as of Apr. 1, 1982, in the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone. Cite to F. Supp.
Federal Supplement	1982–1983	F. Supp.
United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone (D.C.Z.): This court ceased to exist on Mar. 31, 1982. Cite to F. Supp.
Federal Supplement	1946–1982	F. Supp.
Statutory compilation
Panama Canal Code		C.Z. Code tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Guam
Supreme Court of Guam (Guam): See Sandra E. Cruze, How To Cite Guam Law, Third Edition, September 2002. For example: Santos v. Carney et. al., 1997 Guam 4; 1997 WL 460435 (Sup. Ct. Guam 1997)
District Court of Guam (D. Guam): Cite to F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, or F. Supp. 3d.
Federal Supplement	1951–date	F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, F. Supp. 3d
Guam Reports	1955–1980	Guam
Statutory compilation
Guam Code Annotated		`<tit. no.>` Guam Code Ann. § x (`<year>`)
Session laws
Guam Session Laws		Guam Pub. L. `<law no.>` (`<year>`)
Administrative compilation
Administrative Rules & Regulations of the Government of Guam		`<tit. no.>` Guam Admin. R. & Regs. § x (`<year>`)
Navajo Nation
Supreme Court (Navajo), previously Court of Appeals (Navajo): Cite to Navajo Rptr.
Navajo Reporter	1969–date	Navajo Rptr.
District Court (Navajo D. Ct.): Cite to Navajo Rptr.
Navajo Reporter	1969–date	Navajo Rptr.
Statutory compilation
Navajo Nation Code Annotated (West)		Navajo Nation Code Ann. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Northern Mariana Islands
Public domain citation format: The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands has adopted a public domain citation format. See General Order 01-100 (March 13, 2001). The format is: ABC Company vs. XYZ Company, 2001 MP 1 ¶10
Supreme Court (N. Mar. I.): Cite to N. Mar. I.
Northern Mariana Islands Reporter	1989–date	N. Mar. I.
District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, Trial and Appellate Divisions (D. N. Mar. I. and D. N. Mar. I. App. Div.), and Commonwealth Superior Court (N. Mar. I. Commw. Super. Ct.), previously Commonwealth Trial Court (N. Mar. I. Commw. Trial Ct.): Cite to F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, or F. Supp. 3d.
Federal Supplement	1979–date	F. Supp., F. Supp. 2d, F. Supp. 3d
Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Reporter	1979–date	N. Mar. I. Commw.
Statutory compilation
Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Code (LexisNexis)		`<tit. no.>` N. Mar. I. Code § x (`<year>`)
Session laws
Northern Mariana Islands Session Laws		`<year>` N. Mar. I. Pub. L. `<law no.>`
Administrative compilation
Northern Mariana Islands Administrative Code		`<tit. no.>` N. Mar. I. Admin. Code § x (`<year>`)
Administrative register
Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Register		`<vol. no.>` N. Mar. I. Reg. `<page no.>` (`<month day, year>`)
Oklahoma Native Americans
Tribal Courts, Courts of Indian Offenses (Appellate Division), Courts of Indian Appeals, and Courts of Indian Offenses: Cite to Okla. Trib.
Oklahoma Tribal Court Reports	1979–date	Okla. Trib.
Puerto Rico
Public domain citation format: Puerto Rico has adopted a public domain citation format for cases decided after December 31, 1997. The format is: Yumac Home Furniture v. Caguas Lumber Yard, 2015 TSPR 148
Supreme Court (P.R.): Cite to P.R. or P.R. Offic. Trans., if found there; else, cite to P.R. Dec. or P.R. Sent., in that order of preference.
Puerto Rico Reports	1899–1978	P.R.
Official Translations of the Opinions of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico	1978–date	P.R. Offic. Trans.
Decisiones de Puerto Rico	1899–date	P.R. Dec.
Sentencias del Tribunal Supremo de Puerto Rico	1899–1902	P.R. Sent.
Circuit Court of Appeals (P.R. Cir.): Cite to T.C.A
Decisiones del Tribunal de Circuito de Apelaciones de Puerto Rico	1995–date	T.C.A.
Statutory compilation
Laws of Puerto Rico Annotated (LexisNexis)		P.R. Laws Ann. tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Leyes de Puerto Rico Anotadas (LexisNexis)		P.R. Leyes An.tit. x, § x (`<year>`)
Session laws
Laws of Puerto Rico		`<year>` P.R. Laws `<page no.>`
Leyes de Puerto Rico (LexisNexis)		`<year>` P.R. Leyes `<page no.>`
Virgin Islands
All courts: Cite to V.I.
Virgin Islands Reports	1917–date	V.I.
Statutory compilation
Virgin Islands Code Annotated (LexisNexis)	1962–date	V.I. Code Ann. tit. x, § x-x `<year>`
Session laws: Cite to V.I. Sess. Laws.
Session Laws of the Virgin Islands		`<year>` V.I. Sess. Laws `<page no.>`
Virgin Islands Code Annotated Advance		`<year>`-`<pamph. no.>` V.I. Code Ann. Adv.
Legislative Service (LexisNexis)		Legis. Serv. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis)
Administrative compilation
Code of U.S. Virgin Islands Rules (LexisNexis)		`<tit. no.>`-`<ch. no.>` V.I. Code R. § x-x (LexisNexis `<year>`)
Administrative register
Virgin Islands Government Register (LexisNexis)		`<iss. no.>` V.I. Gov’t Reg. `<page no.>` (LexisNexis `<month year>`)

T4. Required Abbreviations for Services

T4.1. Service Publisher Names

Service Publisher Name	Abbreviation
Bureau of National Affairs	BNA
Commerce Clearing House	CCH
Matthew Bender	MB
Pike & Fischer	P & F
Research Institute of America	RIA

T4.2. Service Abbreviations

For each looseleaf service title, the appropriate abbreviation is followed by the name of the publisher.

Service Name	Abbreviation
Administrative Law Third Series	Admin. L.3d (BNA)
Affirmative Action Compliance Manual for Federal Contractors	Aff. Action Compl. Man. (BNA)
AIDS Law & Litigation Reporter	AIDS L. & Litig. Rep. (Univ. Pub. Group)
All States Tax Guide	All St. Tax Guide (RIA)
American Federal Tax Reports, Second Series	A.F.T.R.2d (RIA)
American Stock Exchange Guide	Am. Stock Ex. Guide (CCH)
Antitrust & Trade Regulation Report	Antitrust & Trade Reg. Rep. (BNA)
Aviation Law Reporter	Av. L. Rep. (CCH)
⇒ bound as Aviation Cases	Av. Cas. (CCH)
BNA’s Banking Report	Banking Rep. (BNA)
Bankruptcy Court Decisions	Bankr. Ct. Dec. (LRP)
Bankruptcy Law Reports	Bankr. L. Rep. (CCH)
Benefits Review Board Service	Ben. Rev. Bd. Serv. (MB)
BioLaw	BioLaw (LexisNexis)
Blue Sky Law Reporter	Blue Sky L. Rep. (CCH)
Board of Contract Appeals Decisions—see Contract Appeals Decisions
Business Franchise Guide	Bus. Franchise Guide (CCH)
Canadian Commercial Law Guide	Can. Com. L. Guide (CCH)
Canadian Tax Reporter	Can. Tax Rep. (CCH)
Chemical Regulation Reporter	Chem. Reg. Rep. (BNA)
Chicago Board Options Exchange Guide	Chicago Bd. Options Ex. Guide (CCH)
Collective Bargaining Negotiations & Contracts	Collective Bargaining Negot. & Cont. (BNA)
Collier Bankruptcy Cases, Second Series	Collier Bankr. Cas. 2d (MB)
Commodity Futures Law Reporter	Comm. Fut. L. Rep. (CCH)
Communications Regulation	Commc’ns Reg. (BNA)
Congressional Index	Cong. Index (CCH)
Consumer Credit Guide	Consumer Cred. Guide (CCH)
Consumer Product Safety Guide	Consumer Prod. Safety Guide (CCH)
Contract Appeals Decisions	Cont. App. Dec. (CCH)
⇒ bound as Board of Contract Appeals Decisions	B.C.A. (CCH)
Contracts Cases, Federal—see Government Contracts Reporter
Copyright Law Decisions	Copyright L. Dec. (CCH)
Copyright Law Reporter	Copyright L. Rep. (CCH)
Cost Accounting Standards Guide	Cost Accounting Stand. Guide (CCH)
The Criminal Law Reporter	Crim. L. Rep. (BNA)
Daily Labor Report	Daily Lab. Rep. (BNA)
Dominion Tax Cases	Dominion Tax Cas. (CCH)
EEOC Compliance Manual	EEOC Compl. Man. (BNA)
EEOC Compliance Manual	EEOC Compl. Man. (CCH)
Employee Benefits Cases	Empl. Benefits Cas. (BNA)
Employee Benefits Compliance Coordinator	Empl. Coordinator (RIA)
Employment Practices Guide ⇒ bound as Employment Practices Decisions ⇒ bound assee also Labor Law Reporter	Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH)
Employment Safety and Health Guide	Empl. Safety & Health Guide (CCH)
⇒ bound as Occupational Safety and Health Decisions	O.S.H. Dec. (CCH)
Employment Testing: Law & Policy Reporter	Empl. Testing (Univ. Pub. Am.)
Energy Management & Federal Energy Guidelines	Energy Mgmt. (CCH)
Environment Reporter	Env’t Rep. (BNA)
⇒ bound as Environment Reporter Cases	Env’t Rep. Cas. (BNA)
Environmental Law Reporter	Envtl. L. Rep. (Envtl. Law Inst.)
Exempt Organizations Reports	Exempt Org. Rep. (CCH)
Fair Employment Practice Cases—see Labor Relations Reporter
The Family Law Reporter	Fam. L. Rep. (BNA)
Family Law Tax Guide	Fam. L. Tax Guide (CCH)
Federal Audit Guides	Fed. Audit Guide (CCH)
Federal Banking Law Reporter	Fed. Banking L. Rep. (CCH)
Federal Carriers Reports	Fed. Carr. Rep. (CCH)
⇒ bound as Federal Carriers Cases	Fed. Carr. Cas. (CCH)
Federal Contracts Report	Fed. Cont. Rep. (BNA)
Federal Election Campaign Financing Guide	Fed. Election Camp. Fin. Guide (CCH)
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Reporter	Fed. Energy Reg. Comm’n Rep. (CCH)
Federal Estate and Gift Tax Reporter	Fed. Est. & Gift Tax Rep. (CCH)
⇒ bound as Standard Federal Tax Reporter	Stand. Fed. Tax Rep. (CCH)
Federal Excise Tax Reporter	Fed. Ex. Tax Rep. (CCH)
Federal Income, Gift and Estate Taxation	Fed. Inc. Gift & Est. Tax’n (MB)
Federal Rules Service, Second Series	Fed. R. Serv. 2d (West)
Federal Securities Law Reporter	Fed. Sec. L. Rep. (CCH)
Federal Tax Coordinator Second	Fed. Tax Coordinator 2d (RIA)
Federal Tax Guide Reports	Fed. Tax Guide Rep. (CCH)
Fire & Casualty Cases—see Insurance Law Reports
Food Drug Cosmetic Law Reporter	Food Drug Cosm. L. Rep. (CCH)
Government Contracts Reporter	Gov’t Cont. Rep. (CCH)
⇒ bound as Contracts Cases, Federal	Cont. Cas. Fed. (CCH)
Government Employee Relations Report	Gov’t Empl. Rel. Rep. (BNA)
Housing & Development Reporter	Hous. & Dev. Rep. (RIA)
Human Resources Management OSHA Compliance Guide	OSHA Comp. Guide (CCH)
Immigration Law Service	Immigr. L. Serv. (West)
Insurance Law Reports	Ins. L. Rep. (CCH)
⇒ bound as Personal and Commercial Liability	Personal and Comm. Liab. (CCH)
⇒ bound as Life, Health & Accident Insurance Cases 2d	Life Health & Accid. Ins. Cas. 2d (CCH)
International Environment Reporter	Int’l Env’t Rep. (BNA)
International Trade Reporter	Int’l Trade Rep. (BNA)
IRS Positions	IRS Pos. (CCH)
Labor Arbitration Awards	Lab. Arb. Awards (CCH)
Labor Law Reporter	Lab. L. Rep. (CCH)
⇒ bound as Labor Cases	Lab. Cas. (CCH)
⇒ bound as NLRB Decisions	NLRB Dec. (CCH)
see also Employment Practices Guid
Labor Relations Reporter:	Lab. Rel. Rep. (BNA)
⇒ bound as Fair Employment Practice Cases	Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA)
⇒ bound as Labor Arbitration Reports	Lab. Arb. Rep. (BNA)
⇒ bound as Labor Relations Reference Manual	L.R.R.M. (BNA)
⇒ bound as Wage and Hour Cases	Wage & Hour Cas. (BNA)
ABA/BNA Lawyers’ Manual on Professional Conduct	Laws. Man. on Prof. Conduct (ABA/BNA)
Life, Health & Accident Insurance Cases—see Insurance Law Reports
Liquor Control Law Reporter	Liquor Cont. L. Rep. (CCH)
Media Law Reporter	Media L. Rep. (BNA)
Medical Devices Reporter	Med. Devices Rep. (CCH)
Medicare and Medicaid Guide	Medicare & Medicaid Guide (CCH)
Mutual Funds Guide	Mut. Funds Guide (CCH)
National Reporter on Legal Ethics & Professional Responsibility	Nat’l Rep. Legal Ethics (Univ. Pub. Am.)
New York Stock Exchange Guide	N.Y.S.E. Guide (CCH)
NLRB Decisions—see Labor Law Reporter
Nuclear Regulation Reporter	Nuclear Reg. Rep. (CCH)
Occupational Safety & Health Reporter	O.S.H. Rep. (BNA)
⇒ bound as Occupational Safety & Health Cases	O.S.H. Cas. (BNA)
OFCCP Federal Contract Compliance Manual	OFCCP Fed. Cont. Compl. Man. (CCH)
Patent, Trademark & Copyright Journal	Pat. Trademark & Copyright J. (BNA)
Pension & Benefits Reporter	Pens. & Ben. Rep. (BNA)
Pension Plan Guide	Pens. Plan Guide (CCH)
Pension & Profit Sharing Second	Pens. & Profit Sharing 2d (RIA)
Product Safety & Liability Reporter	Prod. Safety & Liab. Rep. (BNA)
Products Liability Reporter	Prod. Liab. Rep. (CCH)
Public Utilities Reports	Pub. Util. Rep. (PUR)
School Law Reporter	School L. Rep. (Educ. Law Ass’n.)
Search & Seizure Bulletin	Search & Seizure Bull. (Quinlan)
SEC Accounting Rules	SEC Accounting R. (CCH)
Secured Transactions Guide	Secured Transactions Guide (CCH)
Securities and Federal Corporate Law Report	Sec. & Fed. Corp. L. Rep. (West)
Securities Regulation & Law Report	Sec. Reg. & L. Rep. (BNA)
Shipping Regulation	Shipping Reg. (BNA)
Social Security Reporter	Soc. Sec. Rep. (CCH)
Standard Federal Tax Reporter	Stand. Fed. Tax Rep. (CCH)
⇒ bound as U.S. Tax Cases	U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH)
State and Local Tax Service	St. & Loc. Tax Serv. (RIA)
State and Local Taxes—see All States Tax Guide
State Inheritance, Estate, and Gift Tax Reporter	St. Inher., Est. & Gift Tax Rep. (CCH)
State Tax Guide	St. Tax Guide (CCH)
State Tax Reporter	St. Tax Rep. (CCH)
Tax Court Memorandum Decisions	T.C.M. (RIA)
⇒ bound as Tax Court Reporter	T.C.M. (CCH) [or (RIA)]
Tax Court Reported Decisions	Tax Ct. Rep. Dec. (RIA)
Tax Court Reports	Tax Ct. Rep. (CCH)
Trade Regulation Reporter	Trade Reg. Rep. (CCH)
⇒ bound as Trade Cases	Trade Cas. (CCH)
Unemployment Insurance Reporter	Unempl. Ins. Rep. (CCH)
Uniform Commercial Code Reporting Service Second	UCC Rep. Serv. (West)
Union Labor Report Newsletter	Union Lab. Rep. Newsl. (BNA)
The United States Law Week	U.S.L.W. (BNA—publisher need not be indicated)
The United States Patents Quarterly bound in same name	U.S.P.Q. (BNA)
U.S. Tax Cases—see Federal Estate and Gift Tax Reporter and Standard Federal Tax Reporter
U.S. Tax Reporter	U.S. Tax Rep. (RIA)
U.S. Tax Treaties Reporter	U.S. Tax Treaties Rep. (CCH)
Utilities Law Reports	Util. L. Rep. (CCH)
Wage and Hour Cases—see Labor Relations Reporter

T5. Required Abbreviations for Legislative Documents

Words not on this list that are more than six letters should not abbreviated if the abbreviation would be ambiguous. All articles and prepositions should be removed from the abbreviated title if the document can be unambiguously identified without the articles and prepositions.

Legislative Document	Abbreviation
Annals	Annals
Annual	Ann.
Assembly[man, woman, member]	Assemb.
Bill	B.
Committee	Comm.
Concurrent	Con.
Conference	Conf.
Congress[ional]	Cong.
Debate	Deb.
Delegate	Del.
Document[s]	Doc.
Executive	Exec.
Federal	Fed.
House	H.
House of Delegates	H.D.
House of Representatives	H.R.
Joint	J.
Legislat[ion, ive]	Legis.
Legislature	Leg.
Miscellaneous	Misc.
Number	No.
Order	Order
Record	Rec.
Register	Reg.
Regular	Reg.
Report	Rep.
Representative	Rep.
Resolution	Res.
Senate	S.
Senator	Sen.
Service	Serv.
Session	Sess.
Special	Spec.
Subcommittee	Subcomm.

T6. Required Abbreviations for Treaty Sources

The dates to the year of the treaties contained in the source, not the years in which the source was published.

Court Name	Date	Abbreviation
Official U.S. Sources
United States Treaties and Other International Agreements	1950–date	`<volume>` U.S.T. xxx
Statutes at Large (indexed at 64 Stat. B1107)	1778–1949	`<volume>` Stat. xxx
Treaties and Other International Acts Series	1945–date	T.I.A.S. No. x
Treaty Series	1778–1945	T.S. No. x
Executive Agreement Series	1922–1945	E.A.S. No. x
Senate Treaty Document	1981–date	S. Treaty Doc. No. x
Senate Executive Documents	1778–1980	S. Exec. Doc. No. x
Intergovernmental Treaty sources
United Nations Treaty Series	1946–date	`<volume>` U.N.T.S. xxx
League of Nations Treaty Series	1920–1945	`<volume>` L.N.T.S. xxx
Pan-American Treaty Series	1949–date	`<volume>` Pan-Am. T.S. xxx
European Treaty Series	1948–2003	E.T.S. No. xxx
Organization of American States Treaty Series	1970–date	O.A.S.T.S. No. xxx
Council of Europe Treaty Series	2004–date	C.E.T.S. No. xxx
Unofficial Treaty Sources
U.S. Treaties on LEXIS	1776–date	LEXIS xxx
International Legal Materials	1962–date	`<volume>` I.L.M. xxx
Parry’s Consolidated Treaty Series	1648–1919	`<volume>` Consol. T.S. xxx
Hein’s United States Treaties and Other International Agreements	1984–date	Hein’s No. KAV xxxx
Bevans	1776–1949	`<volume>` Bevans xxx

T7. Required Abbreviations for Arbitral Reporters

Court Name	Abbreviation
Arbitration Materials	Arb. Mat' l
Hague Court Reports, First Series	Hague Ct. Rep. (Scott)
Hague Court Reports, Second Series	Hague Ct. Rep. 2d (Scott)
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Reports	ICSID Rep.
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Review	ICSID Rev.
International Chamber of Commerce Arbitration	Int' l Comm. Arb.
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders	ITLOS Rep.
Investment Treaty Arbitration Investment Treaty Cases	ITA Inv. Treaty Cases
Permanent Court of Arbitration Case Repository	PCA Case Repository
United Nations Reports of International Arbitral Awards	R.I.A.A.
World Arbitration Reporter	World Arb. Rep. (`<issue number>`)

T8. Required Abbreviations for Intergovernmental Organizations

T8.1. United Nations and League of Nations

Category	Dates	Abbreviation
United Nations Documents
United Nations Documents		U.N. Docs.
United Nations Principal Organs
General Assembly		GAOR
Security Council		SCOR
Economic and Social Council		ESCOR
Trusteeship Council		TCOR
International Court of Justice (I.C.J.)
Judgments, Advisory Opinions, and Orders	1946–date	`<year>` I.C.J. xx
Pleadings, Oral Arguments, and Documents	1946–date	`<year>` I.C.J. Pleadings xx
Acts and Documents	1946–date	`<year>` I.C.J. Acts & Docs xx
Treaties and international agreements
United Nations Treaty Series	1946–date	`<year>` U.N.T.S. xxx
League of Nations
Permanent Court of International Justice	1920–1945	`<year>` P.C.I.J. xxx
League of Nations Treaty Series	1920–1945	`<year>` L.N.T.S. xxx

T8.2. Europe

Category	Dates	Abbreviation
European Union
Courts: Cite cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union (E.C.J.) and the General Court (Ct. of First Instance) to E.C.R.. If not, cite to C.M.L.R., Common Mkt. Rep. (CCH), or CEC (CCH), if found there, in that order. If not, cite to official online sources.
Reports of cases before the Court of Justice	1973–date	`<year>` E.C.R. xxx
Common Market Law Reports	1962–date	`<year>` C.M.L.R. xxx
Common Market Reports	1962–1988	`<year>` Common Mkt. Rep. (CCH) xxx
European Community Cases	1989–2007	`<year>` CEC (CCH) xxx
Legislative acts: Cite acts of the European Council and the European Commission to O.J. (the Official Journal of the European Union, formerly the Official Journal of the European Communities). If not, cite to O.J. Spec. Ed.. If not, cite to J.O.. For issues of J.O. before 1967, indicate the issue number. For issues of O.J. and J.O. dating from 1967 and later, indicate the series and issue number.>
Official Journal of the European Union	1973–date	`<year>` O.J. (L `<act number>`) xxx
Official Journal of the European Community, Special Edition 1952–1972		`<year>` O.J. Spec. Ed. xxx
Journal Officiel des Communautés Européennes	1958–date	`<year>` J.O. (L `<act number>`) xxx
Parliamentary documents
European Parliamentary Debates		Eur. Parl. Deb. (`<debate number>`) x
European Parliament Working Session or Session Documents		Eur. Parl. Doc. (COM `<document number>`) x
Parlement Européen Documents de Séance		Parl. Eur. Doc. (SEC `<document number>`) x
European Commission of Human Rights: Cite to Eur. Comm’n H.R. Dec. & Rep., Y.B. Eur. Conv. on H.R., or Eur. H.R. Rep., in that order.
European Commission of Human Rights Collections of Decisions		`<volume>` Eur. Comm’n H.R. Dec. & Rep. xxx
European Human Rights Reports		`<volume>` Eur. H.R. Rep. xxx
Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights		Y.B. Eur. Conv. on H.R.
European Court of Human Rights:
European Court of Human Rights Reports of Judgments and Decisions		xx Eur. Ct. H.R. (`<year>`)
Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights		Y.B. Eur. Conv. on H.R.

T8.3. Inter-American and International Tribunal

Category	Abbreviation
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Annual Reports	Inter-Am. Comm’n H.R.
Inter-American Court of Human Rights: Cite to Series, to Rep. Inter-Am. Ct. H.R., or to official online sources.
A - Judgments and Opinions	Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. A) No. xx
B - Pleadings, Oral Arguments and Documents (Relative to Series A)	Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. B) No. xx, xxx
C - Decisions and Judgments	Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. C) No. xx
D - Pleadings, Oral Arguments and Documents (Relative to Series C)	Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. D) No. xx, xxx
E - Provisional Measures	Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. E) No. xx, xxx
F - Procedural Decisions	Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. (ser. F) No. xx, xxx
Annual Reports of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights:>
Complete Opinions: 1970-date	Rep. Inter-Am. Ct. H.R. xxx
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders: 1956–date	ITLOS Rep.

T8.4. Other Intergovernmental Organizations

Category	Abbreviation
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization	CTBTO
Food and Agriculture Organization	FAO
Global Environment Facility	GEF
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change	IPCC
International Atomic Energy Agency	IAEA
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development	IBRD
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes	ICSID
International Civil Aviation Organization	ICAO
International Criminal Police Organization	INTERPOL
International Development Association	IDA
International Finance Corporation	IFC
International Fund for Agricultural Development	IFAD
International Labour Organization	ILO
International Maritime Organization	IMO
International Monetary Fund	IMF
International Refugee Organization	IRO
International Telecommunication Union	ITU
International Union for Conservation of Nature	IUCN
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency	MIGA
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development	OECD
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons	OPCW
United Nations	U.N.
United Nations Children's Fund	UNICEF
United Nations Development Programme	UNDP
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization	UNESCO
United Nations Environment Programme	UNEP
United Nations Industrial Development Organization	UNIDO
Universal Postal Union	UPU
World Bank Group	WBG
World Customs Organization	WCO
World Health Organization	WHO
World Intellectual Property Organization	WIPO
World Meteorological Organization	WMO
World Tourism Organization	UNWTO
World Trade Organization	WTO

T9. Required Abbreviations for Court Names

Court Name	Abbreviation
Administrative Court	Admin. Ct.
Admiralty [Court, Division]	Adm.
Aldermen’s Court	Alder. Ct.
Appeals Court	App. Ct.
Appellate Court	App. Ct.
Appellate Department	App. Dep’t
Appellate Division	App. Div.
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals	ASBCA
Bankruptcy Appellate Panel	B.A.P.
Bankruptcy [Court, Judge]	Bankr.
Board of Contract Appeals	B.C.A.
Board of Immigration Appeals	B.I.A.
Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences	B.P.A.I.
Board of Tax Appeals	B.T.A.
Borough Court	`<Name>` Bor. Ct.
Central District	C.D.
Chancery [Court, Division]	Ch.
Children’s Court	Child. Ct.
Circuit Court (old federal)	C.C.
Circuit Court (state)	Cir. Ct.
Circuit Court of Appeals (federal)	Cir.
Circuit Court of Appeals (state)	Cir. Ct. App.
City Court	`<Name>` City Ct.
Civil Appeals	Civ. App.
Civil Court of Record	Civ. Ct. Rec.
Civil District Court	Civ. Dist. Ct.
Claims Court	Cl. Ct.
Commerce Court	Comm. Ct.
Commission	Comm’n
Common Pleas	C.P. `<when appropriate, name county or similar subdivision>`
Commonwealth Court	Commw. Ct.
Conciliation Court	Concil. Ct.
County Court	`<Name>` Cty. Ct.
County Judge’s Court	Cty. J. Ct.
Court	Ct.
Court of Appeal (English)	C.A.
Court of Appeals (federal)	Cir.
Court of Appeal[s] (state)	Ct. App.
Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces	C.A.A.F.
Court of Civil Appeals	Civ. App.
Court of Claims	Ct. Cl.
Court of Common Pleas	Ct. Com. Pl.
Court of Criminal Appeals	Crim. App.
Court of Customs and Patent Appeals	C.C.P.A.
Court of Customs Appeals	Ct. Cust. App.
Court of Errors	Ct. Err.
Court of Errors and Appeals	Ct. Err. & App.
Court of Federal Claims	Fed. Cl.
Court of [General, Special] Sessions	Ct. `<Gen. or Spec.>` Sess.
Court of International Trade	Ct. Int’l Trade
Court of Military Appeals	C.M.A.
Court of Military Review	C.M.R.
Court of Special Appeals	Ct. Spec. App.
Court of Veterans Appeals	Ct. Vet. App.
Criminal Appeals	Crim. App.
Criminal District Court	Crim. Dist. Ct.
Customs Court	Cust. Ct.
District Court (federal)	D.
District Court (state)	Dist. Ct.
District Court of Appeal[s]	Dist. Ct. App.
Division	Div.
Domestic Relations Court	Dom. Rel. Ct.
Eastern District	E.D.
Emergency Court of Appeals	Emer. Ct. App.
Equity [Court, Division]	Eq.
Family Court	Fam. Ct.
High Court	High Ct.
Judicial District	Jud. Dist.
Judicial Division	Jud. Div.
Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation	J.P.M.L.
Justice of the Peace’s Court	J.P. Ct.
Juvenile Court	Juv. Ct.
Land Court	Land Ct.
Law Court	Law Ct.
Law Division	Law Div.
Magistrate Division	Magis. Div.
Magistrate’s Court	Magis. Ct.
Middle District	M.D.
Municipal Court	`<Name>` Mun. Ct.
Northern District	N.D.
Orphans’ Court	Orphans’ Ct.
Parish Court	`<Name>` Parish Ct.
Police Justice’s Court	Police J. Ct.
Prerogative Court	Prerog. Ct.
Probate Court	Prob. Ct.
Public Utilities Commission	P.U.C.
Real Estate Commission	Real Est. Comm’n
Recorder’s Court	Rec’s Ct.
Southern District	S.D.
Special Court Regional Rail Reorganization Act	Reg’l Rail Reorg. Ct.
Superior Court	Super. Ct.
Supreme Court (federal)	U.S.
Supreme Court (other)	Sup. Ct.
Supreme Court, Appellate Division	App. Div.
Supreme Court, Appellate Term	App. Term
Supreme Court of Errors	Sup. Ct. Err.
Supreme Judicial Court	Sup. Jud. Ct.
Surrogate’s Court	Sur. Ct.
Tax Appeal Court	Tax App. Ct.
Tax Court	T.C.
Teen Court	Teen Ct.
Temporary Emergency Court of Appeals	Temp. Emer. Ct. App.
Territor[ial, y]	Terr.
Trademark Trial and Appeal Board	T.T.A.B.
Traffic Court	Traffic Ct.
Tribal Court	`<Name>` Tribal Ct.
Tribunal	Trib.
Water Court	Water Ct.
Western District	W.D.
Workmen’s Compensation Division	Workmen’s Comp. Div.
Youth Court	Youth Ct.

T10. Required Abbreviations for Titles of Judges and Officials

Title	Abbreviation
Administrative Law Judge	A.L.J.
Arbitrator	Arb.
Assembly[man, woman, member]	Assemb.
Attorney General	Att’y Gen.
Baron	B.
Chancellor	C.
Chief Baron	C.B.
Chief Judge, Chief Justice	C.J.
Commissioner	Comm’r
Delegate	Del.
Honorable	Hon.
Judge, Justice	J.
Judges, Justices	JJ.
Lord Justice	L.J.
Magistrate	Mag.
Master of the Rolls	M.R.
Mediator	Med.
Referee	Ref.
Representative	Rep.
Senator	Sen.
Vice Chancellor	V.C.

T11. Required Abbreviations for Case Names In Citations

Case Name	Abbreviation
Academ[ic, y]	Acad.
Administrat[ive, ion]	Admin.
Administrat[or, rix]	Adm’ [r, x]
Advertising	Advert. or Adver.
Agricultur[e, al]	Agric.
Alliance	All.
Alternative	Alt.
America[n]	Am.
and	&
Associate	Assoc.
Association	Ass’n
Atlantic	Atl.
Authority	Auth.
Automo[bile, tive]	Auto.
Avenue	Ave.
Bankruptcy	Bankr.
Board	Bd.
Broadcast[er, ing]	Broad.
Brotherhood	Bhd.
Brothers	Bros.
Building	Bldg.
Business	Bus.
Casualty	Cas.
Cent[er, re]	Ctr.
Central	Cent.
Chemical	Chem.
Coalition	Coal.
College	Coll.
Commission	Comm’n
Commissioner	Comm’r
Committee	Comm.
Communication	Commc’n
Community	Cmty.
Company	Co.
Compensation	Comp.
Computer	Comput.
Condominium	Condo.
Congress[ional]	Cong.
Consolidated	Consol.
Construction	Constr.
Continental	Cont’l
Cooperative	Coop.
Corporat[e, ion]	Corp.
Correction[s, al]	Corr.
County	Cty. or Cnty.
Defen[der, se]	Def.
Department	Dep’t
Detention	Det.
Development	Dev.
Digital	Dig.
Director	Dir.
Discount	Disc.
Distribut[or, ing]	Distrib.
District	Dist.
Division	Div.
East[ern]	E.
Econom[ic, ical, ics, y]	Econ.
Education[al]	Educ.
Electr[ic, ical, icity, onic]	Elec.
Employee	Emp.
Employ[er, ment]	Emp’[r, t]
Enforcement	Enf’t
Engineer	Eng’r
Engineering	Eng’g
Enterprise	Enter.
Entertainment	Entm’t
Environment	Env’t
Environmental	Envtl.
Equality	Equal.
Equipment	Equip.
Examiner	Exam’r
Exchange	Exch.
Executive	Exec.
Execut[or, rix]	Ex’[r, x]
Explorat[ion, ory]	Expl.
Export[er, ation]	Exp.
Federal	Fed.
Federation	Fed’n
Fidelity	Fid.
Financ[e, ial, ing]	Fin.
Foundation	Found.
General	Gen.
Global	Glob.
Government	Gov’t
Group	Grp.
Guaranty	Guar.
Hospital[ity]	Hosp.
Housing	Hous.
Import[er, ation]	Imp.
Incorporated	Inc.
Indemnity	Indem.
Independen[ce, t]	Indep.
Industr[y, ies, ial]	Indus.
Information	Info.
Institut[e, ion]	Inst.
Insurance	Ins.
International	Int’l
Investment	Inv.
Investor	Inv’r
Laboratory	Lab.
Liability	Liab.
Limited	Ltd.
Litigation	Litig.
Machine[ry]	Mach.
Maintenance	Maint.
Management	Mgmt.
Manufacturer	Mfr.
Manufacturing	Mfg.
Maritime	Mar.
Market	Mkt.
Marketing	Mktg.
Mechanic[al]	Mech.
Medic[al, ine]	Med.
Memorial	Mem’l
Merchan[t, dise, dising]	Merch.
Metropolitan	Metro.
Mortgage	Mortg.
Municipal	Mun.
Mutual	Mut.
National	Nat’l
Natural	Nat.
North[ern]	N.
Northeast[ern]	Ne.
Northwest[ern]	Nw.
Number	No.
Opinion	Op.
Organiz[ation, ing]	Org.
Pacific	Pac.
Parish	Par.
Partnership	P’ship
Person[al, nel]	Pers.
Pharmaceutic[s, al, als]	Pharm.
Preserv[e, ation]	Pres.
Probat[e, ion]	Prob.
Product[ion]	Prod.
Professional	Prof’l
Property	Prop.
Protection	Prot.
Public	Pub.
Publication	Publ’n
Publishing	Publ’g
Railroad	R.R.
Railway	Ry.
Refining	Ref.
Regional	Reg’l
Rehabilitat[ion, ive]	Rehab.
Reproduct[ion, ive]	Reprod.
Resource[s]	Res.
Restaurant	Rest.
Retirement	Ret.
Road	Rd.
Savings	Sav.
School[s]	Sch.
Scien[ce, tific]	Sci.
Secretary	Sec’y
Securit[y, ies]	Sec.
Service	Serv.
Shareholder	S’holder
Social	Soc.
Society	Soc’y
Solution	Sol.
South[ern]	S.
Southeast[ern]	Se.
Southwest[ern]	Sw.
Steamship[s]	S.S.
Street	St.
Subcommittee	Subcomm.
Surety	Sur.
System[s]	Sys.
Techn[ical, ological, ology]	Tech.
Telecommunication	Telecomm.
Tele[phone, graph]	Tel.
Temporary	Temp.
Township	Twp.
Transcontinental	Transcon.
Transport[ation]	Transp.
Trust[ee]	Tr.
Turnpike	Tpk.
Uniform	Unif.
University	Univ.
Utility	Util.
Village	Vill.
West[ern]	W.

T12. Required Abbreviations for Geographical Terms

T12.1. U.S. States, Cities, and Territories

Place	Abbreviation
States
Alabama	Ala.
Alaska	Alaska
Arizona	Ariz.
Arkansas	Ark.
California	Cal.
Colorado	Colo.
Connecticut	Conn.
Delaware	Del.
Florida	Fla.
Georgia	Ga.
Hawaii	Haw.
Idaho	Idaho
Illinois	Ill.
Indiana	Ind.
Iowa	Iowa
Kansas	Kan.
Kentucky	Ky.
Louisiana	La.
Maine	Me.
Maryland	Md.
Massachusetts	Mass.
Michigan	Mich.
Minnesota	Minn.
Mississippi	Miss.
Missouri	Mo.
Montana	Mont.
Nebraska	Neb.
Nevada	Nev.
New Hampshire	N.H.
New Jersey	N.J.
New Mexico	N.M.
New York	N.Y.
North Carolina	N.C.
North Dakota	N.D.
Ohio	Ohio
Oklahoma	Okla.
Oregon	Or.
Pennsylvania	Pa.
Rhode Island	R.I.
South Carolina	S.C.
South Dakota	S.D.
Tennessee	Tenn.
Texas	Tex.
Utah	Utah
Vermont	Vt.
Virginia	Va.
Washington	Wash.
West Virginia	W. Va.
Wisconsin	Wis.
Wyoming	Wyo.
Cities^{[T12.1 note 1]}
Baltimore	Balt.
Boston	Bos.
Chicago	Chi.
Dallas	Dall.
District of Columbia	D.C.
Houston	Hous.
Los Angeles	L.A.
New York	N.Y.C.
Philadelphia	Phila.
Phoenix	Phx.
San Francisco	S.F.
Territories
American Samoa	Am. Sam.
Guam	Guam
Northern Mariana Islands	N. Mar. I.
Puerto Rico	P.R.
Virgin Islands	V.I.

Note for Table T12.1

↑ Abbreviations for city names may also be composed from state name abbreviations above. For example, “Kansas City” should be shortened to “Kan. City.”

T12.2 Australian States and Canadian Provinces and Territories

Place	Abbreviation
Australia
Australian Capital Territory	Austl. Cap. Terr.
New South Wales	N.S.W.
Northern Territory	N. Terr.
Queensland	Queensl.
South Australia	S. Austl.
Tasmania	Tas.
Victoria	Vict.
Western Australia	W. Austl.
Canada
Alberta	Alta.
British Columbia	B.C.
Manitoba	Man.
New Brunswick	N.B.
Newfoundland & Labrador	Nfld.
Northwest Territories	N.W.T.
Nova Scotia	N.S.
Nunavut	Nun.
Ontario	Ont.
Prince Edward Island	P.E.I.
Quebec	Que.
Saskatchewan	Sask.
Yukon	Yukon

T12.3 Countries and Regions

Place	Abbreviation
Afghanistan	Afg.
Africa	Afr.
Albania	Alb.
Algeria	Alg.
Andorra	Andorra
Angola	Angl.
Anguilla	Anguilla
Antarctica	Antarctica
Antigua & Barbuda	Ant. & Barb.
Argentina	Arg.
Armenia	Arm.
Asia	Asia
Australia	Austl.
Austria	Austria
Azerbaijan	Azer.
Bahamas	Bah.
Bahrain	Bahr.
Bangladesh	Bangl.
Barbados	Barb.
Belarus	Belr.
Belgium	Belg.
Belize	Belize
Benin	Benin
Bermuda	Berm.
Bhutan	Bhutan
Bolivia	Bol.
Bosnia & Herzegovina	Bosn. & Herz.
Botswana	Bots.
Brazil	Braz.
Brunei	Brunei
Bulgaria	Bulg.
Burkina Faso	Burk. Faso
Burundi	Burundi
Cambodia	Cambodia
Cameroon	Cameroon
Canada	Can.
Cape Verde	Cape Verde
Cayman Islands	Cayman Is.
Central African Republic	Cent. Afr. Rep.
Chad	Chad
Chile	Chile
China, People's Republic of	China
Colombia	Colom.
Comoros	Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	Dem. Rep. Congo
Congo, Republic of the	Congo
Costa Rica	Costa Rica
Côte d'Ivoire	Côte d'Ivoire
Croatia	Croat.
Cuba	Cuba
Cyprus	Cyprus
Czech Republic	Czech
Denmark	Den.
Djibouti	Djib.
Dominica	Dominica
Dominican Republic	Dom. Rep.
Ecuador	Ecuador
Egypt	Egypt
El Salvador	El Sal.
England	Eng.
Equatorial Guinea	Eq. Guinea
Eritrea	Eri.
Estonia	Est.
Ethiopia	Eth.
Europe	Eur.
Falkland Islands	Falkland Is.
Fiji	Fiji
Finland	Fin.
France	Fr.
Gabon	Gabon
Gambia	Gam.
Georgia	Geor.
Germany	Ger.
Ghana	Ghana
Gibraltar	Gib.
Great Britain	Gr. Brit.
Greece	Greece
Greenland	Green.
Grenada	Gren.
Guadeloupe	Guad.
Guatemala	Guat.
Guinea	Guinea
Guinea-Bissau	Guinea-Bissau
Guyana	Guy.
Haiti	Haiti
Honduras	Hond.
Hong Kong	H.K.
Hungary	Hung.
Iceland	Ice.
India	India
Indonesia	Indon.
Iran	Iran
Iraq	Iraq
Ireland	Ir.
Israel	Isr.
Italy	It.
Jamaica	Jam.
Japan	Japan
Jordan	Jordan
Kazakhstan	Kaz.
Kenya	Kenya
Kiribati	Kiribati
Korea, North	N. Kor.
Korea, South	S. Kor.
Kosovo	Kos.
Kuwait	Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan	Kyrg.
Laos	Laos
Latvia	Lat.
Lebanon	Leb.
Lesotho	Lesotho
Liberia	Liber.
Libya	Libya
Liechtenstein	Liech.
Lithuania	Lith.
Luxembourg	Lux.
Macau	Mac.
Macedonia	Maced.
Madagascar	Madag.
Malawi	Malawi
Malaysia	Malay.
Maldives	Maldives
Mali	Mali
Malta	Malta
Marshall Islands	Marsh. Is.
Martinique	Mart.
Mauritania	Mauritania
Mauritius	Mauritius
Mexico	Mex.
Micronesia	Micr.
Moldova	Mold.
Monaco	Monaco
Mongolia	Mong.
Montenegro	Montenegro
Montserrat	Montserrat
Morocco	Morocco
Mozambique	Mozam.
Myanmar	Myan.
Namibia	Namib.
Nauru	Nauru
Nepal	Nepal
Netherlands	Neth.
New Zealand	N.Z.
Nicaragua	Nicar.
Niger	Niger
Nigeria	Nigeria
North America	N. Am.
Northern Ireland	N. Ir.
Norway	Nor.
Oman	Oman
Pakistan	Pak.
Palau	Palau
Panama	Pan.
Papua New Guinea	Papua N.G.
Paraguay	Para.
Peru	Peru
Philippines	Phil.
Pitcairn Island	Pitcairn Is.
Poland	Pol.
Portugal	Port.
Qatar	Qatar
Réunion	Réunion
Romania	Rom.
Russia	Russ.
Rwanda	Rwanda
Saint Helena	St. Helena
Saint Kitts & Nevis	St. Kitts & Nevis
Saint Lucia	St. Lucia
Saint Vincent & the Grenadines	St. Vincent
Samoa	Samoa
San Marino	San Marino
São Tomé & Príncipe	São Tomé & Príncipe
Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia
Scotland	Scot.
Senegal	Sen.
Serbia	Serb.
Seychelles	Sey.
Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone
Singapore	Sing.
Slovakia	Slovk.
Slovenia	Slovn.
Solomon Islands	Solom. Is.
Somalia	Som.
South Africa	S. Afr.
South America	S. Am.
Spain	Spain
Sri Lanka	Sri Lanka
Sudan	Sudan
Suriname	Surin.
Swaziland	Swaz.
Sweden	Swed.
Switzerland	Switz.
Syria	Syria
Taiwan	Taiwan
Tajikistan	Taj.
Tanzania	Tanz.
Thailand	Thai.
Timor-Leste (East Timor)	Timor-Leste
Togo	Togo
Tonga	Tonga
Trinidad & Tobago	Trin. & Tobago
Tunisia	Tunis.
Turkey	Turk.
Turkmenistan	Turkm.
Turks & Caicos Islands	Turks & Caicos Is.
Tuvalu	Tuvalu
Uganda	Uganda
Ukraine	Ukr.
United Arab Emirates	U.A.E.
United Kingdom	U.K.
United States of America	U.S.
Uruguay	Uru.
Uzbekistan	Uzb.
Vanuatu	Vanuatu
Vatican City	Vatican
Venezuela	Venez.
Vietnam	Viet.
Virgin Islands, British	Virgin Is.
Wales	Wales
Yemen	Yemen
Zambia	Zam.
Zimbabwe	Zim.

T13. Required Abbreviations for Document Subdivisions

Document Subdivision	Abbreviation
addendum	add.
amendment	amend.
annotation	annot.
appendi[x, ces]	app., apps.
article	art.
bibliography	bibliog.
book	bk.
chapter	ch.
clause	cl.
column	col.
comment[ary]	cmt.
decision	dec.
department	dept.
division	div.
example	ex.
figure^{[T13 note 1]}	fig.
folio	fol.
footnote[s] in cross-references	note, notes
footnote[s] in other references^{[T13 note 2]}	n., nn.
historical note[s]^{[T13 note 3]}	hist. n., hist. nn.
hypothetical	hypo.
illustration[s]	illus.
introduction	intro.
line[s]	l., ll.
number	no.
page[s] in cross-references	p., pp.
page[s] in other references	[at]
paragraph[s]	¶, ¶¶
paragraph[s] if symbol appears in source	para., paras.
part	pt.
preamble	pmbl.
principle	princ.
publication	pub.
rule	r.
schedule	sched.
section[s] in amending act	sec., secs.
section[s] in all other contexts	§, §§
series, serial	ser.
subdivision	subdiv.
subsection	subsec.
supplement	supp.
table^{[T13 note 4]}	tbl.
title	tit.
volume	vol.

Notes for Table T13

↑ For figures, do not add a space between the abbreviation and the number of letter. For example, “fig.4”
↑ For footnotes, do not add a space between the abbreviation and the number of letter. For example, “n.4”
↑ For historical notes, do not add a space between the abbreviation and the number or letter. For example, “hist. n.4”
↑ For tables, do not add a space between the abbreviation and the number of letter. For example, “tbl.4”

T14. Required Abbreviations for Explanatory Phrases

If a phrase is followed by a case name as the direct object, the comma should be omitted.

Abbreviated Phrase
acq.
acq. in result
aff’d,
aff’d by an equally divided court,
aff’d mem.,
aff’d on other grounds,
aff’d on reh’g,
aff’g
amended by
appeal denied,
appeal dismissed,
appeal docketed,
appeal filed,
argued,
cert, denied,
cert, dismissed,
cert, granted,
certifying questions to
denying cert, to
dismissing appeal from
enforced,
enforcing
invalidated by
mandamus denied,
modified,
modifying
nonacq.
overruled by
perm. app. denied,
perm. app. granted,
petition for cert, filed,
prob. juris, noted,
reh’g granted [denied],
rev’d,
rev’d on other grounds,
rev’d per curiam,
rev’g
vacated,
vacating as moot
withdrawn,

T15. Required Abbreviations for Institutions

Institution Name	Abbreviation
Adelaide	Adel.
Air Force	A.F.
Albany	Alb.
American Bar Association (ABA)	A.B.A.
American Intellectual Property Law Association	AIPLA
American Law Institute	A.L.I.
[Journal of the] American Medical Association	[J]AMA
American Society of Composers, Authors, & Publishers	ASCAP
American University	Am. U.
Boston College	B.C.
Boston University	B.U.
Brigham Young University	BYU
Brooklyn	Brook.
Buffalo	Buff.
California (California Law Review only)	Calif.
Capital	Cap.
Chapman	Chap.
Chartered Life Underwriters	C.L.U.
Cincinnati	Cin.
City University of New York	CUNY
Cleveland	Clev.
Columbia	Colum.
Cumberland	Cumb.
Denver	Denv.
Detroit	Det.
Dickinson	Dick.
Duquesne	Duq.
East[ern]	E.
Foreign Broadcast Information Service	F.B.I.S.
George Mason	Geo. Mason
George Washington	Geo. Wash.
Georgetown	Geo.
Gonzaga	Gonz.
Harvard	Harv.
Howard	How.
John Marshall	J. Marshall
Judge Advocate General['s]	JAG
Las Vegas	L.V.
Lawyer's Reports Annotated	L.R.A.
Loyola	Loy.
Marquette	Marq.
Melbourne	Melb.
Memphis	Mem.
New England	New Eng.
New York University [School of Law]	N.Y.U.
North[ern]	N.
Northeast[ern]	Ne.
Northwest[ern]	Nw.
Pepperdine	Pepp.
Pittsburgh	Pitt.
Richmond	Rich.
Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Institute	Rocky Mtn. Min. L. Inst.
Saint Louis	St. Louis
San Fernando Valley	San Fern. V.
Southeast[ern]	Se.
South[ern]	S.
Southern Methodist University	SMU
Southwest[ern]	Sw.
Stanford	Stan.
Temple	Temp.
Thomas Jefferson	T. Jefferson
Thomas M. Cooley	T.M. Cooley
Thurgood Marshall	T. Marshall
Toledo	Tol.
Tulane	Tul.
Universidad de Puerto Rico	U. P.R.
University of California	U.C.
University of California - Los Angeles	UCLA
University of Missouri Kansas City	UMKC
University of the District of Columbia, David A. Clarke School of Law	UDC/DCSL
University of West Los Angeles	UWLA
Valparaiso	Val.
Vanderbilt	Vand.
Villanova	Vill.
Washington & Lee	Wash. & Lee
West[ern]	W.
William & Mary	Wm. & Mary
William Mitchell	Wm. Mitchell

T16. Required Abbreviations for Publishing Terms

Publishing Term	Abbreviation
abridge[d, ment]	abr.
annotated	ann.
anonymous	anon.
circa	c.
compil[ation, ed]	comp.
copyright	copy.
draft	drft.
edit[ion, or]	ed.
manuscript	ms.
mimeograph	mimeo.
new series	n.s.
no date	n.d.
no place	n.p.
no publisher	n. pub.
offprint	offprt.
old series	o.s.
permanent	perm.
photoduplicated reprint	photo. reprint
printing	prtg.
replacement	repl.
reprint	reprt.
revis[ed, ion]	rev.
special	spec.
temporary	temp.
tentative	tent.
translat[ion, or]	trans.
unabridged	unabr.
volume	vol.

T17. Required Abbreviations for Month Names

Month Name	Abbreviation
January	Jan.
February	Feb.
March	Mar.
April	Apr.
May	May
June	June
July	July
August	Aug.
September	Sept.
October	Oct.
November	Nov.
December	Dec.

T18. Required Abbreviations for Common Words Used In Periodical Names

The following guidelines are used for abbreviating periodical names:

Use the title of the periodical on the issue you are citing, even if the name of the periodical has changed.
Use the abbreviations for common institutional names as listed in Table T15 if the name is listed.
If the institutional name is not listed in Table T15, use abbreviations as listed in Table T18 and Table T12.
If the word is not found in Table T18 or Table T12, do not abbreviate the word in the abbreviated title.
Do not use the words “a,” “at,” “in,” “of,” and “the” in the abbreviated title, but do use the word “on.”
If the title consists of “a,” “at,” “in,” “of,” or “the” followed by a single word, do not abbreviate the remaining word.
If the periodical title has an abbreviation in it, use the abbreviation.
Omit all commas in abbreviated titles, but retain other punctuation.
If a periodical title has a colon followed by words, omit all that from the abbreviated title.
If a periodical has been renumbered into a new series, indicate that by prefacing the series number with “(n.s.)”.
If there is an online supplement to a print publication, use the proper abbreviation for the print publication, followed by the name of the online supplement.

Institution Name	Abbreviation
Academ[ic, y]	Acad.
Account[ant, ants, ing, ancy]	Acct.
Administrat[ive, or, ion]	Admin.
Advertising	Advert.
Advoca[te, cy]	Advoc.
Affairs	Aff.
Africa[n]	Afr.
Agricultur[e, al]	Agric.
Amendment	Amend.
America[n, s]	Am.
Ancestry	Anc.
and	&
Annual	Ann.
Appellate	App.
Arbitrat[ion, or, ors]	Arb.
Association	Ass’n
Attorney	Att’y
Bankruptcy	Bankr.
Bar	B.
Behavior[al]	Behav.
British	Brit.
Bulletin	Bull.
Business	Bus.
Capital	Cap.
Catholic	Cath.
Cent[er, re]	Ctr.
Central	Cent.
Children[’s]	Child.
Chronicle	Chron.
Circuit	Cir.
Civil	Civ.
Civil Libert[y, ies]	C.L.
Civil Rights	C.R.
College	C.
Commentary	Comment.
Commerc[e, ial]	Com.
Communication[s]	Comm.
Comparative	Comp.
Conference	Conf.
Congressional	Cong.
Constitution[al]	Const.
Contemporary	Contemp.
Contract[s]	Cont.
Conveyancer	Conv.
Corporat[e, ion]	Corp.
Cosmetic	Cosm.
Counsel[or, ors, or’s]	Couns.
Court	Ct.
Courts	Cts.
Criminal	Crim.
Defense	Def.
Delinquency	Delinq.
Department	Dep’t
Derecho	Der.
Development[s]	Dev.
Digest	Dig.
Diplomacy	Dipl.
Dispute	Disp.
Doctor	Dr.
East[ern]	E.
Econom[ic, ics, ical, y]	Econ.
Education[al]	Educ.
Employ[ee, ment]	Emp.
English	Eng.
Entertainment	Ent.
Environment	Env’t
Environmental	Envtl.
Estate[s]	Est.
Europe[an]	Eur.
Faculty	Fac.
Family	Fam.
Federal	Fed.
Federation	Fed’n
Financ[e, ial]	Fin.
Fortnightly	Fort.
Forum	F.
Foundation[s]	Found.
General	Gen.
Government	Gov’t
Hispanic	Hisp.
Histor[ical, y]	Hist.
Hospital	Hosp.
Human	Hum.
Humanit[y, ies]	Human.
Immigration	Immigr.
Independent	Indep.
Industrial	Indus.
Inequality	Ineq.
Information	Info.
Injury	Inj.
Institute	Inst.
Insurance	Ins.
Intellectual	Intell.
Interdisciplinary	Interdisc.
Interest	Int.
International	Int’l
Invest[ments, ors]	Inv.
Journal	J.
Judicial	Jud.
Juridical	Jurid.
Jurisprudence	Juris.
Justice	Just.
Juvenile	Juv.
Labor	Lab.
Law	L.
Law (first word)	Law
Lawyer[s, s’, ’s]	Law.
Legislat[ion, ive]	Legis.
Librar[y, ian, ies]	Libr.
Litigation	Litig.
Local	Loc.
Magazine	Mag.
Management	Mgmt.
Maritime	Mar.
Market	Mkt.
Matrimonial	Matrim.
Medic[al, ine]	Med.
Military	Mil.
Mineral	Min.
Modern	Mod.
Municipal	Mun.
National	Nat’l
Nationality	Nat’lity
Natural	Nat.
Negligence	Negl.
Negotiation	Negot.
New Series	n.s.
Newsletter	Newsl.
Office	Off.
Order	Ord.
Organization	Org.
Pacific	Pac.
Patent	Pat.
Personal	Pers.
Perpsective[s]	Persp.
Philosoph[ical, y]	Phil.
Planning	Plan.
Policy	Pol’y
Politic[al, s]	Pol.
Practi[cal, ce, tioner(s)]	Prac.
Private	Priv.
Probat[e, ion]	Prob.
Problems	Probs.
Proce[edings, dure]	Proc.
Products Liability	Prod. Liab.
Profession[al]	Prof.
Property	Prop.
Psycholog[ical, y]	Psychol.
Public	Pub.
Publishing	Pub.
Puertorriqueño	P.R.
Quarterly	Q.
Record	Rec.
Referee[s]	Ref.
Register	Reg.
Regulat[ion, ory]	Reg.
Relations	Rel.
Report[s, er]	Rep.
Reproduct[ion, ive]	Reprod.
Research	Res.
Reserve	Res.
Resolution	Resol.
Responsibility	Resp.
Review	Rev.
Revista	Rev.
Rights	Rts.
School	Sch.
Scien[ce, ces, tific]	Sci.
Scottish	Scot.
Section	Sec.
Securities	Sec.
Sentencing	Sent’g
Service	Serv.
Social	Soc.
Society	Soc’y
Sociolog[ical, y]	Soc.
Solicitor[s, s’, ’s]	Solic.
State	St.
Statistic[s, al]	Stat.
Studies	Stud.
Supreme Court	Sup. Ct.
Survey	Surv.
Symposium	Symp.
System	Sys.
Taxation	Tax’n
Teacher	Tchr.
Techn[ique, ology]	Tech.
Telecommunication[s]	Telecomm.
Transnational	Transnat’l
Transportation	Transp.
Tribune	Trib.
Trust[ee, s]	Tr.
Uniform Commercial Code	UCC
United States	U.S.
Universit[ies, y]	U.
Urban	Urb.
Utilit[ies, y]	Util.
Week	Wk.
Weekly	Wkly.
Yearbook (or Year Book)	Y.B.

T19. Table of Citation Guides

The 20th edition of The Bluebook is 560 pages. Pages 307–490 are devoted to Table 2, which is named “Foreign Jurisdictions.” While The Bluebook does an admirable, although some might argue overly specific, job of discussing the citation of U.S. legal materials, Table 2 breezes through 43 foreign jurisdictions at a breathtakingly rapid pace. The authoritativeness and care found in the rest of The Bluebook is perhaps not possible when attempting to summarize, for example, the legal system of France in 5 pages. As such, we attempt in this table to direct the reader to a series of other citation guides that are readily available for further guidance.

T19.1. General Legal Citation Guides

New York University School of Law, Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations, First Edition (2006). (Superseded by Second Edition)
Cardiff University, Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations, (2011).
University of Chicago Law Review, The Maroonbook: The University of Chicago Manual of Legal Citation, (2016).
Peter W. Martin, Introduction to Basic Legal Citation, (2015).
University of Washington School of Law, Acronyms & Abbreviations, (2015).
Washington University in St. Louis Global Studies Law Review, International Citation Manual.
American Association of Law Libraries, AALL Universal Citation Guide, Edition 2.1, (2008) (Superseded by Edition 3.0)

T19.2. Country-Specific Citation Guides

New Zealand Law Foundation, New Zealand Law Style Guide, 3rd Edition, (2018).
Faulty of Law, University of Oxford, Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities, (2006).
SILC, Standard Indian Legal Citation, (2014).
University of Melbourne, Australian Guide to Legal Citation, Third Edition (2010).

T19.3. State and Jursisdiction-Specific Legal Citation Guides

Arkansas Reporter of Decisions, House Style Guide, (2010).
Edward W. Jessen, California Style Manual, 4th Edition, (2000).
Office of the Reporter of Judicial Decisions, The Manual of Style for the Connecticut Courts (Third Edition), (2013).
Superior Court of Delaware, Guide to the Delaware Rules of Legal Citation (Second Edition), (2004).
Supreme Court of Illinois, Style Manual for the SUpreme and Appellate Courts of Illinois, Fourth Edition (2012).
Massachusetts Reports, Style Manual Prepared by the Office of the Reporter of Decisions, 2015–2016.
Supreme Court of New Jersey, New Jersey Manual on Style for Judicial Opinions, (2017).
Law Reporting Bureau of the State of New York, New York Official Reports Style Manual, (2015).
U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals, Citation Guide, Eighth Edition, (2019).
District of Columbia Court of Appeals, Citation and Style Guide, (2009).
Department of Justice, United States Department of Justice, Office of the Solicitor General Citation Manual, (2014).

T20. Tables of Correspondence

The material in this section was originally prepared by Patrick Durusau.

Forward Lookup

The Indigo Book	The Bluebook®
R1. Two Types of Legal Documents	B1, R1
R2. Typeface Standards	B2, R2
R3. In-Text Citations	B1, R1
R4. Signals	B1.2, R1.2
R5. Capitalization Rules	B8, R8
R6. Signals for Supporting Authority	B1.2, R1.2
R7. Signals for Comparison	B1.2, R1.2(b)
R8. Signals for Contradictory Authority	B1.2, R1.2(c)
R9. Signals for Background Material	B1.2, R1.2(d)
R10. Order of Authorities Within Each Signal / Strength of Authority	B1.2, R1.4
Cases	B10, R10
R11. Full citation	B10.1
R12. Court & Year	B10.1.3, R10.4, R10.5
R13. Weight of Authority and Explanatory Parenthetical	B10.1.5, R10.6.1
R14. History of the Case	B10.1.6, R10.7
R15. Short Form Citation for Cases	B10.2, R10.9
Statutes, Rules, Regulations, and Other Legislative & Administrative Materials	R12, R13, R14
R16. Federal Statutes	B12.1.1, R12
R17. State Statutes	B12.1.2, R12
R18. Rules of Procedure and Evidence, Restatements, and Uniform Acts	B12.1.3, R12.9.3, R12.9.4
R19. Administrative Rules and Regulations	B14, R14
R20. Federal Taxation Materials	B12.1.4, R12.9.1
R21. Legislative Materials	B13, R13
R22. Short Form Citation of Legislative and Administrative Materials	R13.8
R23. Sources and Authorities: Constitutions	B11, R11
Court & Litigation Documents	R10.8.3
R24. Citing Court or Litigation Documents from Your Case	R10.8.3
R25. Citing Court or Litigation Documents from Another Case	R10.8.3
R26. Short Form Citation for Court Documents	B4, R4
R27. Capitalization Within the Text of Court Documents and Legal Memoranda	B8, R8
Books & Non-Periodicals	B15, R15
R28. Full Citation for Books & Non-Periodicals	B15.1
R29. Short Form Citation for Books & Non-Periodicals	B15.2
Journals, Magazines, & Newspaper Articles	R16
R30. Full Citation for Journals, Magazines & Newspaper Articles	B16.1
R31. Short Form Citation for Journals, Magazines & Newspaper Articles	B16.2
Internet Sources	B18, R18
R32. General Principles for Internet Sources	R18.2.1
R33. Basic Formula for Internet Sources	B18.1.1, R18.1
R34. Short Form Citations for Internet Sources	B18.2
Explanatory Parentheticals	R12.8
R35. General Principles for Explanatory Parentheticals	B1.3
R36. Order of parentheticals	R1.5(b)
Quotations	B5, R5
R37. General Principles for Quotations	B5.1
R38. Alterations of Quotations	R5.2
R39. Omissions in Quotations	R5.3
R40. Special Rules for Block Quotations	B5.2
Tables
T1. Federal Judicial and Legislative Materials	T1.1
T2. Federal Administrative and Legislative Materials	T1.2
T3. U.S. States and Other Jurisdictions	T1.3
T4. Required Abbreviations for Services	T15
T4.1. Service Publisher Names	T15
T4.2. Service Abbreviations	T15
T5. Required Abbreviations for Legislative Documents	T9
T6. Required Abbreviations for Treaty Sources	T4
T7. Required Abbreviations for Arbitral Reporters	T5
T8. Required Abbreviations for Intergovernmental Organizations	T3
T8.1. United Nations and League of Nations	T3.1, T3.2
T8.2. Europe	T3.3, T3.4, T3.5
T8.3. Inter-American and International Tribunal	T3.6, T3.7, T3.8
T8.4. Other Intergovernmental Organizations	T3.9
T9. Required Abbreviations for Court Names	T7
T10. Required Abbreviations for Titles of Judges and Officials	T11
T11. Required Abbreviations for Case Names In Citations	T6
T12. Required Abbreviations for Geographical Terms	T10
T12.1 U.S. States, Cities, and Territories	T10.1
T12.2 Australian States and Canadian Provinces and Territories	T10.2
T12.3 Countries and Regions	T10.3
T13. Required Abbreviations for Document Subdivisions	T16
T14. Required Abbreviations for Explanatory Phrases	T8
T15. Required Abbreviations for Institutions	T13.1
T16. Required Abbreviations for Publishing Terms	T14
T17. Required Abbreviations for Month Names	T12
T18. Required Abbreviations for Common Words Used In Periodical Names	T13, T13.2
T19. Table of Citation Guides	T2

Reverse Lookup

The Bluebook®	The Indigo Book
B1, R1	R1. Two Types of Legal Documents
B2, R2	R2. Typeface Standards
B1, R1	R3. In-Text Citations
B1.2, R1.2	R4. Signals
B8, R8	R5. Capitalization Rules
B1.2, R1.2	R6. Signals for Supporting Authority
B1.2, R1.2(b)	R7. Signals for Comparison
B1.2, R1.2(c)	R8. Signals for Contradictory Authority
B1.2, R1.2(d)	R9. Signals for Background Material
B1.2, R1.4	R10. Order of Authorities Within Each Signal / Strength of Authority
B10, R10	Cases
B10.1	R11. Full citation
B10.1.3, R10.4, R10.5	R12. Court & Year
B10.1.5, R10.6.1	R13. Weight of Authority and Explanatory Parenthetical
B10.1.6, R10.7	R14. History of the Case
B10.2, R10.9	R15. Short Form Citation for Cases
R12, R13, R14	Statutes, Rules, Regulations, and Other Legislative & Administrative Materials
B12.1.1, R12	R16. Federal Statutes
B12.1.2, R12	R17. State Statutes
B12.1.3, R12.9.3, R12.9.4	R18. Rules of Procedure and Evidence, Restatements, and Uniform Acts
B14, R14	R19. Administrative Rules and Regulations
B12.1.4, R12.9.1	R20. Federal Taxation Materials
B13, R13	R21. Legislative Materials
R13.8	R22. Short Form Citation of Legislative and Administrative Materials
B11, R11	R23. Sources and Authorities: Constitutions
R10.8.3	Court & Litigation Documents
R10.8.3	R24. Citing Court or Litigation Documents from Your Case
R10.8.3	R25. Citing Court or Litigation Documents from Another Case
B4, R4	R26. Short Form Citation for Court Documents
B8, R8	R27. Capitalization Within the Text of Court Documents and Legal Memoranda
B15, R15	Books & Non-Periodicals
B15.1	R28. Full Citation for Books & Non-Periodicals
B15.2	R29. Short Form Citation for Books & Non-Periodicals
R16	Journals, Magazines, & Newspaper Articles
B16.1	R30. Full Citation for Journals, Magazines & Newspaper Articles
B16.2	R31. Short Form Citation for Journals, Magazines & Newspaper Articles
B18, R18	Internet Sources
R18.2.1	R32. General Principles for Internet Sources
B18.1.1, R18.1	R33. Basic Formula for Internet Sources
B18.2	R34. Short Form Citations for Internet Sources
R12.8	Explanatory Parentheticals
B1.3	R35. General Principles for Explanatory Parentheticals
R1.5(b)	R36. Order of parentheticals
B5, R5	Quotations
B5.1	R37. General Principles for Quotations
R5.2	R38. Alterations of Quotations
R5.3	R39. Omissions in Quotations
B5.2	R40. Special Rules for Block Quotations
	Tables
T1	Federal Jurisdictions
T1.1	T1. Federal Judicial and Legislative Materials
T1.2	T2. Federal Administrative and Legislative Materials
T1.3	T3. U.S. States and Other Jurisdictions
T2	T19. Table of Citation Guides
T3	T8. Required Abbreviations for Intergovernmental Organizations
T3.1, T3.2	T8.1. United Nations and League of Nations
T3.3, T3.4, T3.5	T8.2. Europe
T3.6, T3.7, T3.8	T8.3. Inter-American and International Tribunal
T3.9	T8.4. Other Intergovernmental Organizations
T4	T6. Required Abbreviations for Treaty Sources
T5	T7. Required Abbreviations for Arbitral Reporters
T6	T11. Required Abbreviations for Case Names In Citations
T7	T9. Required Abbreviations for Court Names
T8	T14. Required Abbreviations for Explanatory Phrases
T9	T5. Required Abbreviations for Legislative Documents
T10	T12. Required Abbreviations for Geographical Terms
T10.1	T12.1 U.S. States, Cities, and Territories
T10.2	T12.2 Australian States and Canadian Provinces and Territories
T10.3	T12.3 Countries and Regions
T11	T10. Required Abbreviations for Titles of Judges and Officials
T12	T17. Required Abbreviations for Month Names
T13	T18. Required Abbreviations for Common Words Used In Periodical Names
T13.1	T15. Required Abbreviations for Institutions
T13.2	T18. Required Abbreviations for Common Words Used In Periodical Names
T14	T16. Required Abbreviations for Publishing Terms
T15	T4. Required Abbreviations for Services
T15	T4.1. Service Publisher Names
T15	T4.2. Service Abbreviations
T16	T13. Required Abbreviations for Document Subdivisions

[1] Abbreviations for city names may also be composed from state name abbreviations above. For example, “Kansas City” should be shortened to “Kan. City.”

[2] For figures, do not add a space between the abbreviation and the number of letter. For example, “fig.4”

[3] For footnotes, do not add a space between the abbreviation and the number of letter. For example, “n.4”

[4] For historical notes, do not add a space between the abbreviation and the number or letter. For example, “hist. n.4”

[5] For tables, do not add a space between the abbreviation and the number of letter. For example, “tbl.4”

[T12.1 note 1]

[T13 note 1]

[T13 note 2]

[T13 note 3]

[T13 note 4]

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