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Korematsu v. United States: Difference between revisions
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|reaffirmed=Hirabayashi v. United States | |reaffirmed=Hirabayashi v. United States | ||
|cited=Hirabayashi v. United States* Yasui v. United States | |cited=Hirabayashi v. United States* Yasui v. United States |
Revision as of 02:29, July 14, 2023
Korematsu v. United States | |
Court | Supreme Court of the United States |
---|---|
Citation | |
Date decided | December 18, 1944 |
Appealed from | 9th Circuit |
Reaffirmed | Hirabayashi v. United States |
Cited | Hirabayashi v. United States Yasui v. United States |
Cited by | |
Trump v. Hawaii |
Facts
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in December 1941.
President Franklin Roosevelt had issued Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, to exclude ethnic Japanese people from the general U.S. population.
John DeWitt (1880 - 1962) issued his report calling for Japanese Evacuation in March 1942.
Fred Korematsu (1919 - 2005) refused to leave his home near San Francisco, California.Procedural History
Korematsu was convicted in a district court for refusing to report to the internment camp in central United States.
Korematsu loses in the 9th Circuit.Issues
Is classification based on Japanese ethnicity a violation of the Equal Protection Clause under the 14th Amendment?
Holding
Hugo Black announced on behalf of a 6-3 majority that the Japanese exclusion order is in keeping with the Equal Protection Clause.
Race-based classification survived strict scrutiny in 1944 because of the critical public necessity created as a result of the war between Japan & the United States.Reasons
It was important to prevent espionage by ethnic Japanese during World War II.
Case Text Links
- Case text at Quimbee video summary ; 1944 original SCOTUS decision
- Case text at Quimbee video summary; over-turn the criminal conviction in 1984
- Case text at C-SPAN video discussion
- Case text at Justia