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Korematsu v. United States: Difference between revisions
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|subject=Constitutional Liberties | |subject=Constitutional Liberties | ||
|appealed_from=9th Circuit | |appealed_from=9th Circuit | ||
| | |reaffirmed=Hirabayashi v. United States | ||
|cited=Hirabayashi v. United States* Yasui v. United States | |||
|facts=Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in December 1941. | |facts=Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in December 1941. | ||
President Franklin Roosevelt had issued Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, to exclude ethnic Japanese people from the general U.S. population. | President Franklin Roosevelt had issued Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, to exclude ethnic Japanese people from the general U.S. population. | ||
John DeWitt (1880 - 1962) issued his report calling for [http://www.mansell.com/eo9066/DeWittFinalReport.html Japanese Evacuation] in March 1942. | |||
Fred Korematsu (1919 - 2005) refused to leave his home near San Francisco, California. | Fred Korematsu (1919 - 2005) refused to leave his home near San Francisco, California. | ||
|procedural_history=Korematsu was convicted in a district court for refusing to report to the internment camp in central United States. | |procedural_history=Korematsu was convicted in a district court for refusing to report to the internment camp in central United States. | ||
Korematsu loses in the 9th Circuit. | |||
|issues=Is classification based on Japanese ethnicity a violation of the [[Equal Protection Clause]] under the 14th Amendment? | |||
|holding=Hugo Black announced on behalf of a 6-3 majority that the Japanese exclusion order is in keeping with the Equal Protection Clause. | |||
Race-based classification survived '''strict scrutiny''' in 1944 because of the critical public necessity created as a result of the war between Japan & the United States. | |||
|reasons=It was important to prevent espionage by ethnic Japanese during World War II. | |||
|case_text_links={{Infobox Case Brief/Case Text Link | |case_text_links={{Infobox Case Brief/Case Text Link | ||
|link=https://www.quimbee.com/cases/korematsu-v-united-states | |link=https://www.quimbee.com/cases/korematsu-v-united-states | ||
| | |source_type=Video summary; 1944 original SCOTUS decision | ||
|case_text_source=Quimbee | |||
}}{{Infobox Case Brief/Case Text Link | }}{{Infobox Case Brief/Case Text Link | ||
|link=https://www.quimbee.com/cases/korematsu-v-united-states-584-f-supp-1406-1984 | |link=https://www.quimbee.com/cases/korematsu-v-united-states-584-f-supp-1406-1984 | ||
| | |source_type=Video summary; over-turn the criminal conviction in 1984 | ||
|case_text_source=Quimbee | |||
}}{{Infobox Case Brief/Case Text Link | |||
|link=https://landmarkcases.c-span.org/Case/6/Korematsu-v.-United-States | |||
|source_type=Video discussion | |||
|case_text_source=C-SPAN | |||
}}{{Infobox Case Brief/Case Text Link | |||
|link=https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/323/214/ | |||
|case_text_source=Justia | |||
}} | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:31, July 14, 2023
| Korematsu v. United States | |
| Court | Supreme Court of the United States |
|---|---|
| Citation | |
| Date decided | December 18, 1944 |
| Appealed from | 9th Circuit |
| Reaffirmed | Hirabayashi v. United States |
| Cited | Hirabayashi v. United States Yasui v. United States |
| Cited by | |
| Trump v. Hawaii | |
Facts
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in December 1941.
President Franklin Roosevelt had issued Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, to exclude ethnic Japanese people from the general U.S. population.
John DeWitt (1880 - 1962) issued his report calling for Japanese Evacuation in March 1942.
Fred Korematsu (1919 - 2005) refused to leave his home near San Francisco, California.Procedural History
Korematsu was convicted in a district court for refusing to report to the internment camp in central United States.
Korematsu loses in the 9th Circuit.Issues
Is classification based on Japanese ethnicity a violation of the Equal Protection Clause under the 14th Amendment?
Holding
Hugo Black announced on behalf of a 6-3 majority that the Japanese exclusion order is in keeping with the Equal Protection Clause.
Race-based classification survived strict scrutiny in 1944 because of the critical public necessity created as a result of the war between Japan & the United States.Reasons
It was important to prevent espionage by ethnic Japanese during World War II.
Case Text Links
- Video summary; 1944 original SCOTUS decision at Quimbee
- Video summary; over-turn the criminal conviction in 1984 at Quimbee
- Video discussion at C-SPAN
- Case text at Justia
