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...eligion Clauses, reviewing the history of these Clauses before explaining, in turn, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Establishment and Free Exer {{Clause|Clause Text|Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise t

...e deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the ...as citizens in the several States, [and who] became also citizens of this new political body," the United States of America, and (2) those who, having be

{{Clause|Clause Text|The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, ...oversies|Art. III, Sec. 2, Clause 1 Cases or Controversies]].</span></ref> In ''[[Cohens v. Virginia]]'', Chief Justice John Marshall explained these pri

|subject=Constitutional Law I |text=Constitutional Law Connected Casebook Chemerinsky

...ain fundamental constitutional rights from federal government interference in specific subject areas such as liberty of contract, marriage, or privacy. F ...elf, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensat

| book_one = American Constitutional Law: Powers And Liberties | book_two = Constitutional Law for a Changing America: Rights, Liberties, and Justice

...necessarily require them to interpret the Constitution as well. Moreover, in matters specifically entrusted to those branches, or beyond the Judicial Br ...ailable online to Members of Congress, congressional staff, and the public in a digital, easily-searchable format.

...rs, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.}} ...aspects of the military.<ref><span id="ALDF_00016176">''Id.''</span></ref> In Article II's Treaty Clause, the Constitution, for the first time, addresses

...ized, the place to be searched, and the evidence to be sought is specified in the warrant. The Supreme Court, however, has interpreted the Fourth Amendme {{Clause|Clause Text|The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches a

|subject=Constitutional Law II |text=Constitutional Law (Aspen Casebook) Stone Seidman Sunstein Tushnet Karlan

...ngers did not constitute "commerce" under the Commerce Clause. Finding New York's grant of a steamship monopoly violated the Commerce Clause, Chief Justice ...neral Ry. Signal Co. v. Virginia]]'', 246 U.S. 500 (1918). ''But see'' ''[[York Mfg. Co. v. Colley]]'', 247 U.S. 21 (1918).</span></ref>

{{Infobox Law School |image=[[Image:Columbia Law School logo.png|200px]]

|subject=Constitutional Law |text=Constitutional Law Paulsen 3rd

...ers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.}} ...s of Constitutional Provisions'', Univ. of Wash. Sch. of Law, [https://lib.law.uw.edu/ref/consticlauses.html#oth] (listing these terms as "popular name[s]

##Right of thing (in rem) against the world – traditional ##'''Penner''': In rem right based on exclusion (more important than right to use)

|text=Property Law: Rules, Policies, and Practices Singer Berger Davidson Penalver *Property law strives to balance:

...grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.}} ==Commander in Chief==

|text=First Amendment Law Sullivan |related=Constitutional Law

...f state law, is covered ''infra'' [[Section 1983 Litigation/Color of State Law and State Action]]. ...ary service). Since ''McDonald'' and ''Heller'' there has been an increase in § 1983 actions challenging state and local gun control legislation. ''See,

...80">''[[Chisholm v. Georgia]]'', 2 U.S. (2 Dall.) 419 (1793).</span></ref> in which the court allowed a suit by a citizen of South Carolina to proceed ag ...power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citi