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|school=New York University School of Law ...public lands were opened for settlement and development. Easy availability of land was the primary incentive for pioneers & settlers to move west and pop

...=Constitution of the United States/Art. III/Sec. 2|alias =Clause 2 Supreme Court Jurisdiction}}<font size="+3">Article III Judicial Branch</font> <font size="+1">Clause 2 Supreme Court Jurisdiction</font>

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States/Art. I/Sec. 9|alias =Clause 3 Nullification}}<font size=" {{Clause|Clause Text|No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.}}

== Fundamental Principles of § 1983 Municipal Liability == ...>State law cannot authorize respondeat superior under § 1983. Coon v. Town of Springfield, 404 F.3d 683, 687 (2d Cir. 2005) (“Just as states cannot ext

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States/Fourteenth Amend.|alias =Section 5 Enforcement}}<font siz ...hall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.}}

...rtation, and Sale of Liquor}}<font size="+3">Twenty-First Amendment Repeal of Prohibition</font> <font size="+2">Section 2 Importation, Transportation, and Sale of Liquor</font>

...h pro-Union southerner. He was elected to a second term in 1861 on the eve of the Civil War, but was arrested by Confederate authorities before he could .... As president of the East Tennessee Convention, Nelson campaigned to keep Tennessee in the Union, but maintained a neutral position after his arrest.

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States/Art. IV/Sec. 3|alias =Clause 1 Admissions}}<font size="+3 ...without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.}}

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States/Art. I/Sec. 9|alias =Clause 7 Appropriations}}<font size= ...Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.}}

|parent=University of Texas at Austin ...on/quickfacts.html | title = Quick Facts | work=University of Texas School of Law | accessdate = 5 February 2011}}</ref>

...tortious conduct of private parties must ordinarily explore other avenues of redress.”<ref>Roche v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co., 81 F.3d 249, 253 ...no reason for a court to determine whether the defendant acted under color of state law.

== State Court Judgments == ...ed had a full and fair opportunity to litigate his federal claims in state court. A full and fair opportunity to be heard requires only that state judicial