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...e privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of la ...as citizens in the several States, [and who] became also citizens of this new political body," the United States of America, and (2) those who, having be

...eligion Clauses, reviewing the history of these Clauses before explaining, in turn, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Establishment and Free Exer ...lauses promote individual freedom of religion and separation of church and state.

...e Clause cases that the Supreme Court heard before 1900, most stemmed from state legislation.<ref><span id="ALDF_00023947">E. Prentice &amp; J. Egan, The Co ...ngers did not constitute "commerce" under the Commerce Clause. Finding New York's grant of a steamship monopoly violated the Commerce Clause, Chief Justice

...court allowed a suit by a citizen of South Carolina to proceed against the State of Georgia. The Eleventh Amendment resolved uncertainty over the reach of f ...es by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

{{Clause|Clause Text|All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House ...="ALDF_00016434">[[{{ROOTPAGENAME}}/Art. I|Article I Legislative Branch]]. In ''[[McCulloch v. Maryland]]'', the Supreme Court stated that the Constituti

...of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.}} ...of the Fourteenth Amendment. Modern cases, however, have recognized that "state regulation of alcohol is limited by the nondiscrimination principle of the

...ed as one of the most prestigious law firms in the world and as one of New York's most powerful law firms. ...pril 1929, with Webb, Patterson & Hadley to become Murray, Aldrich & Webb. In 1931, the firm merged with Masten & Nichols to become Milbank, Tweed, Hope

...ators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United S ...277, 323 (1867). ''See also'' ''[[Bond v. Floyd]]'', 385 U.S. 116 (1966), in which the Supreme Court held that antiwar statements made by a newly electe

...|df=mdy-all }}</ref> It was the first U.S. firm qualified to practice law in Japan, and has represented governments throughout Latin America.<ref name=" ...ructuring. As of 2016, the website [[Vault.com]] ranked Cleary Gottlieb #9 in their "Vault Law 100" list.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vault.com/company

| headquarters = New York; NY ...792. Cadwalader's [[Lower Manhattan]] headquarters is one of eight offices in four countries. At the end of 2014, the firm had approximately 450 attorney

...apabilities. The firm is currently ranked 78th by the [[AmLaw 100 Survey]] in 2016. ...y 2011, the firm expanded internationally by opening a [[Shanghai]] office in the People's Republic of [[China]].