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{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States/Fourteenth Amend.|alias =Section 1 Rights}}<font size="+3 ...f law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.}}

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States|alias =First Amendment}}<font size="+3">First Amendment F ...Exercise Clause. The First Amendment also expressly protects the freedoms of speech, press, peaceable assembly, and petition to the Government.

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States/Art. III/Sec. 2|alias =Clause 1 Cases or Controversies}}< ...nt States,--between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States/Art. III|alias =Section 1 Vesting Clause}}<font size="+3" ...the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behav

{{:Manual of Legal Citation/TOC}} ...e to S. Ct. If that’s not possible, cite to L. Ed. If you can cite to none of the above, cite to U.S.L.W.

...ited States|alias =Fifth Amendment}}<font size="+3">Fifth Amendment Rights of Persons</font> ...h Amendment requires that the government pay "just compensation" to owners of private property that the government takes for public use.

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States|alias =Sixth Amendment}}<font size="+3">Sixth Amendment R ...he Sixth Amendment against state abridgment through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.<ref><span id="ALDF_00008790">Citation is made in

...ction_2:_Federal_jurisdiction|Article III, Section 2]] '''limits '''the jx of the federal courts to:'<nowiki/>''''' *Ø Cases of admiralty and maritime jdx,'

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States|alias =Fourth Amendment}}<font size="+3">Fourth Amendment ...ed, and the evidence to be sought is specified in the warrant. The Supreme Court, however, has interpreted the Fourth Amendment to allow exceptions to the w

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States|alias =Introduction}}<font size="+3">Introduction</font> ...d: "[T]o the legislature no less than courts is committed the guardianship of deeply cherished constitutional rights."<ref><span id="ALDF_00002119">''[[M

== The Problem of “Dangerous Speech” == ...people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.”

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States|alias =Eighth Amendment}}<font size="+3">Eighth Amendment ...d have been too vague to have been of any consequence, since [it] admit[s] of no clear and precise signification." James Iredell, Marcus, Answers to Mr.

{{Breadcrumb|parent_page=Constitution of the United States/Art. I|alias =Section 1 Legislative Vesting Clause}}<font ...a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.}}

...=Constitution of the United States/Art. III/Sec. 2|alias =Clause 2 Supreme Court Jurisdiction}}<font size="+3">Article III Judicial Branch</font> <font size="+1">Clause 2 Supreme Court Jurisdiction</font>

...r color of state law, is covered ''infra'' [[Section 1983 Litigation/Color of State Law and State Action]]. ...state and local gun control legislation. ''See, e.g.,'' Kachalsky v. Cnty. of Westchester, 701 F.3d 81 (2d Cir. 2012).</ref> the Fourth Amendment protect

...rms of communication would mean a loss of some of the most effective means of communicating messages. ...ned that symbolism is a primitive but effective way of expression, the use of a flag to symbolize some system, idea, or institution is a shortcut form mi

3. Failure of the Articles of Confederation • 6 Themes of the Constitution

== Fundamental Principles of § 1983 Municipal Liability == ...>State law cannot authorize respondeat superior under § 1983. Coon v. Town of Springfield, 404 F.3d 683, 687 (2d Cir. 2005) (“Just as states cannot ext

...hey increase welfare of benefitted parties more than they decrease welfare of burdened parties. ...es the welfare of the benefited parties more than it decreases the welfare of burdened parties.

...or state and local governments''' (''Smith''): A ''<u>neutral</u>'' <u>law of general applicability</u> that burdens religious practices <u>need not incl ...aims in addition to F/E (e.g., ''[[Wisconsin v. Yoder|Yoder]]'' (education of one’s children), ''Sherbert'' (???), ''Cantwell'' (speech), ''Barnette''